Sunday, May 17, 2020

Philosophy Is Completely Different From Psychology

Philosophy is one of the most interesting subject. Many people assume and confuse it with psychology. Philosophy is completely different from psychology. Psychology is how a person feels about a topic, while philosophy is how you ought to feel about the topic. The purpose of philosophy is to understand an argument, not emotional, but logically. Only by truly understanding an argument, one can improve his/her thinking. Within philosophy, there are many ethical theories. Such theories include: the Divine Command Theory, Hedonism, Desire Theory, Ethical Relativism, and much more. In this term paper, I will discuss which theory I believe is the strongest and which theory I believe is the weakest. Regardless, there is no perfect theory. Each theory is without flaws. I believe act-utilitarianism is the strongest ethical theory presented in class. Act-utilitarianism is when, according to Russ Shafer-Landau, â€Å"acts are right just because they maximize the overall amount of well-being in the world†. On the other hand, actions are wrong if they do not maximize the overall amount of well-being in the world. Because the main concept of utilitarianism is to improve the overall well-being, that concept determines which actions are considered right or wrong. Act-utilitarianism is a part of a family of theories that are similar to consequentialism and utilitarianism (neither act nor rule utilitarianism). This family of theories are all similar in a way that the main idea is to improve andShow MoreRelatedPsychology And The Human Soul998 Words   |  4 Pages1. Psychology exists in several different forms. Name and briefly describe them. Also, give an example of each. Psychology is known for studying the behavior and mind; trying to understand the human mind in its conscious and unconscious state. The thoughts in our conscious not only affect our behavior but it allows or prohibits certain actions; for example, a person who has an emotional attraction to someone is less likely to lie to them. However, they’re three noted forms in psychology suchRead MoreRationalism vs. Empiricism Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding knowledge. While the debate between the rationalist and empiricist schools did not have any relationship to the study of psychology at the time, it has contributed greatly to facilitating the possibility of establishing the discipline of Psychology. This essay will describe the empiricist and rationalist debate, and will relate this debate to the history of psychology. The debate between rationalist and empiricist philosophers looks at the nature of knowledge, and specifically, how we gainRead MoreI Believe Act Utilitarianism Is The Strongest Ethical Theory958 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy is one of the most interesting subjects. Many people assume and confuse it with psychology. Philosophy is completely different from psychology. Psychology is how a person feels about a topic, while philosophy is how you ought to feel about the topic. The purpose of philosophy is to understand an argument, not emotional, but logically. Only by truly understanding an argument, one can improve his/her thinking. Within philosophy, there are many ethical theories. Such theories include: theRead MoreWomen Contribution to Psychology1633 Words   |  7 PagesWomen Contributions to Psychology Jovon Sutphin PSY/310 8 March 2013 Brandi Reynolds Abstract The essay is written about Margaret Flow Washburn. The essay speaks of her background from her early teenage years and progressing through her career as a psychologist, her battles of a womanRead MoreThe Soul And Consciousness Of Revolutionary Politics1482 Words   |  6 Pages(ideology) 6 V Psychology of Political Duty and Freedom 7 VI Conclusion 7 VII Bibliography 8 I In this short paper I will be comparing and contrasting the political psychology of Plato’s Republic and Karl Marx’s political theory. Their concepts of group consciousness will be contrasted as well as how the nature and existence of ideology affect their theories. This will be concluded by a discussion on how the understanding of political psychology contributesRead MorePsychological Perspectives Of Human Behavior1542 Words   |  7 Pagesone another. A brief description on psychology will occur, and there will also be a short summarisation on some key early influences of psychology, from its origins in philosophy. Psychology is a scientific application of behaviourism. It evolved from three key areas of research, philosophy, biology and physics. In 1879 a man named Wilhelm Wundt created the first laboratory with the sole purpose of researching psychological matters, during this time psychology as a self-conscious field of experimentRead MoreAnalysis Of Emporia State University s Masters Degree873 Words   |  4 Pageslong-term goals as a professional. The ultimate goal of any strong curriculum is to outline what the student should know and be able to do. Curriculum is built on four major foundations: history, philosophy, psychology, and sociology. Historical foundations of curriculum are important as we often learn from where we have been and focus on where we are growing by analyzing past journeys. We must be cautious to study the history so that we do not make the same mistakes as in the past. Furthermore,Read MoreSociological Approach to the Study of Religion689 Words   |  3 PagesIncluded among these approaches are social scientific approaches such as the anthropology of religion and the psychology of religion, and normative approaches such as the theology of religion and the philosophy of religion. There is also the sociological approach to the study of religion which is distinctive in that the goal of the sociologist is to gain an understanding of religion from a completely objective standpoint with no regard to the validity of any particular religion. One of the best and mostRead MoreLessons From Tuesdays With Morrie. To Be Happy In Life,1196 Words   |  5 PagesLessons from Tuesdays With Morrie To be happy in life, live the way you want, with dignity, courage, humor, and composure. In â€Å"Tuesdays With Morrie† Professor Morris â€Å"Morrie† Schwartz taught that lesson every single day of his life up until his death. Even the threat of death does not mean that you stop living with compassion, love, and energy. Morrie’s story and the way he taught Mitch is a perfect example of psychology in real life, taught by two people who are very talented in the subject of sociologyRead MoreThe Impact Of Philosophy Of Education On The Changing Nature Of Philosophy Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesIMPACT OF HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION ON THE CHANGING NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION Philosophy of education is nothing to do with the various parts or streams of education it seems to deal with the sociological and evolutionary and historical base of education. Its ‘what ought to be’ not what should happen or the result of what has already taking place or happened in the field of education. It analysis the various themes related to education like the teacher centred approach, indoctrination

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Marketing Project Essay - 1495 Words

Marketing Project Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the ever changing technological era of the soon to be 21st century, electronic advancements have amazed us all. Unfortunately, the educational gap for the common man/woman as a computer end user has left many far behind. There are those who know and those who dont. This gap is the anchor of the computer industry. One question comes to mind. quot;Why would I buy a computer, investing thousands of dollars, when I dont know the first thing about them?quot; If it were as easy as plugging it in and it guiding you through every nook and cranny answering every question you had, then the computer would basically sell itself. However, the shortcomings of this†¦show more content†¦If someone who has no idea how to use a computer needs help, this could get quite costly. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;My business would deal more on the novice level. From how to turn on your computer to more advanced applications. I plan to gear my service toward the person who has a simple problem, to the more learned computer user, and will call on my service without hesitation. My goal would be to make the customer feel comfortable no matter how insignificant the case. This is what would separate my business from the others. Pricing Strategy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I would be most likely accepted in the market in a penetration pricing strategy. First, my overhead would be minimal so cost of my service would best serve the public at a low start up price. Second, not many are willing to open their pocket books too wide after theyve already made a major purchase. However, since my service could be considered a short term service with a high turnover, a month to month contract or a choice of extensions to this contract for additional fees would go like this: $25 for the first month up to 25 calls $45 for two months up to 50 calls $70 for three months up to 75 calls $125 for six months unlimited calls $200 for 1 year unlimited calls all emergency home visits would be a $20 charge An important note: These would be the promotional prices in the IntroductoryShow MoreRelatedAzalea Project Marketing1003 Words   |  5 PagesFoundations of Marketing Azalea Project 1. What do you see as Azalea’s most pressing marketing problem? Does it lie in their product, price, place, or promotion or some combination of 2 or more of these? Be specific in your answer. 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Parliamentary Sovereignty

Question: Evaluate whether Parliament is sovereign, giving consideration to judicial power and the effect of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the law of England and Wales. Answer: Introduction The Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty is ingrained in the British Constitution; however, this is no longer absolute as the concept is evolving.[1] Historically, parliamentary sovereignty was held above all else[2] with the exception of the Doctrine of Implied Repeal as exemplified in Vauxhall Estates v Liverpool Corporation[3] where a future legislative assembly could not be bound by a sitting one through statute. Consequently, it is a logical assumption is that the judiciary cannot challenge the sovereignty of parliament as it has unlimited legislative powers superseding the courts.[4] In exercise of their judicial powers, courts have elicited great discourse on the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the parliaments supremacy. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the evolution of this doctrine considering the concepts of judicial power and judicial review as per the provisions of the HRA 1998 and the ECHR. Parliamentary Sovereignty and HRA Act 1998 In theory, judicial power is defined as the authority exercised by an arm of government to hear, determine and make judgements.[5] Judges exercise their legislative power when they interpret statutes without any reference to members of parliament.[6] In the UK, sections 2 and 3(1) of the HRA 1998 give the judiciary interpretive powers on Conventional Rights and primary legislation in relation to these rights. All UK law is subject to interpretation in a manner that is compatible with the 1998 Act.[7] This leaves the power to enforce human rights with the judiciary; an increase in the courts powers at the expense of parliament.[8] There is a variance of opinion on the effect of the expansion of the courts judicial powers on parliamentary sovereignty. In R (Jackson) v Attorney General,[9] Lady Hale stated that by enacting the 1998 Act parliament had limited its own powers. This is because the provisions of the HRA 1998 provide judges with the obligation to surpass conventional domestic law while performing their interpretive duty.[10] It is important to note that the effectiveness of courts depends on the willingness of other arms of government to abide by their decisions.[11] In as much as courts are encouraged to be more radical in their interpretation, they can only do so within the current limits of law.[12] In re (S) (Care Order: Implementation of Care Plan),[13] the court held that the HRA 1998 aims to protect sovereignty and as such the previous courts ruling had unjustifiably exceeded its interpretive mandate and was instead altering law under the guise of interpretation.[14] Courts have the power, under judicial review, to assess the action of other government branches so as to determine their legality and constitutionality.[15]A victim of a decision, action or omission of a public authority can apply to the High Court to provide a remedy where the authority is found to have acted unlawfully.[16] This power is provided under section 6 of the HRA 1998 that forbids any public authority from executing its mandate in contradiction to the rights. A body is subject to judicial review in respect to its public functions regardless of whether it is statutory or not.[17] In R v Panel on Takeovers and Mergers[18] a non-statutory organisation was held as susceptible to judicial review as it was exercising public functions. Traditionally, the standard for judicial review under the HRA 1998 was the irrationality test set out in the Wednesbury[19] case by Lord Greene where the rationale of decisions was tested against the reasoning and moral standing of any logical man .[20] The HRA 1998 has given courts new powers of judicial review that enable them to challenge the decisions and actions of the government in human rights terms.[21] Parliament decisions can now be challenged thus creating a limit on parliamentary sovereignty.[22] In order to preserve this sovereignty, the declaration of incompatibility was created under section 4 of the 1998 Act to ensure that where an incompatibility arises parliament still gets the final say on how to address it.[23] As illustrated in the R (Anderson) [24] where the Home Secretarys powers remained lawful and in force, despite being rendered incompatible to the HRA 1998, until a new statute was enacted; declaration of incompatibility does not invalidate statute. Parliamentary Sovereignty and the ECHR When the court at Strasbourg rules in a case, articles 1 and 46(1) of the ECHR expect that the state in question takes the necessary legal initiative to ensure that any issues raised are addressed accordingly.[25] This constitutes the extent to which judges can make law under the Convention. The Convention has been interpreted as a living instrument a claim which Lord Judge stated meant that courts could legislate on issues which previously were under parliaments jurisdiction.[26] He believed that members of parliament should have ultimate supremacy over unelected judges of any jurisdiction unless they chose to surrender such supremacy.[27] With regard to their interpretive duty, Lord Bingham in Ullah v Special Adjudicator[28] summarised the mandate of domestic courts as merely to keep up with the evolution of jurisprudence at the international court.[29] This mirror principle has however been contested by Lord Irvine who believes that UK judges should not be restricted to the bare m inimum requirement in adjudging cases as stipulated in Ullah[30] but should critically analyse the cases themselves.[31] Internationally, parliamentary supremacy is challenged by the courts power of judicial review. The standard for judicial review compatible with the ECHR is that of proportionality.[32] Unlike the irrationality test, the onus probandi lies with the legislator rather than the victim.[33] In R (Daly) v Secretary for the Home Department[34] the House of Lords endorsed proportionality as the authoritative measure of review in human rights cases as it provided a stricter and more definite assessment.[35] According to Dr Pinto-Duschinsky, the expansion jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has created a democratic inadequacy that can be corrected by introducing an override, as is present in the HRA 1998, where the back still lies with parliament.[36] Conventions rights are protected under natural law which is supported by the government.[37] However, this does not empower parliament to nullify human rights.[38] The power of judicial review is vested in the Strasbourg co urt to ensure justice prevails as even democratically elected governments could be guilty of the gravest crimes.[39] Abnegation by parliament to adhere to the Courts decisions on any matters to which it is a party would only serve to challenge the UKs international standing.[40] Conclusion The HRA 1998 upholds parliamentary sovereignty as it denies UK courts powers to veto statute.[41] The Act contains a number of provisions to protect parliamentary sovereignty[42] the most significant being that parliament still has a say on whether to repeal or amend the law which the judiciary advises as incompatible.[43] However, the orthodox standing on Parliamentary Sovereignty has evolved due to the expansion of powers in the judicial arm of government. These expansions serve to check and balance the parliamentary supremacy with respect to the Doctrine of Separation of Powers. Parliament is, therefore, sovereign but only to the extent in which its decisions are compatible with Conventional and Human Rights. References BBC, European Court of Human Rights Risk to UK Sovereignty BBC News (United Kingdom, 28 December 2013) www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-25535327 accessed 29 August 2016 Bellamy B, Political Constitutionalism and the Human Rights Act (2011) 9 (1) ICON https://icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/86.full accessed 29 August 2016 Draft Voting Eligibility (Prisoners) HL Bill (2013-14) 13 www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201314/jtselect/jtdraftvoting/103/10307.htm accessed 29 August 2016 Elliot M, The Three Dimensions of the Relationship between UK Law and the ECHR (Public Law for Everyone, 5 December 2013) https://publiclawforeveryone.com/2013/12/05/the-three-dimensions-of-the-relationship-between-uk-law-and-the-echr/ accessed 29 August 2016 Fenwick H, Phillipson G and Masterman R (eds), Judicial Reasoning under the UK Human Rights Act (CUP 2007) https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=7bQakM9B7TYCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false accessed 29 August 2016 Gardner C, Lord Irvine: British Judges Should Decide Human Rights Cases for Themselves (Head of Legal, 14 December 2011) www.headoflegal.com/2011/12/14/lord-irvine-british-judges-should-decide-human-rights-cases-for-themselves/ accessed 29 August 2016 Gordon R and Ward T, Judicial Review and the Human Rights Act (Routledge 2013) Horne A and Miller V, Parliamentary Sovereignty and the European Convention on Human Rights ( House of Commons Library, 6 November 2014) https://commonslibraryblog.com/2014/11/06/parliamentary-sovereignty-and-the-european-convention-on-human-rights/ accessed 29 August 2016 Howard E, Is Parliamentary Sovereignty Now at Threat from the Judiciary? (2014) 1(1) The Undergraduate https://www.theundergraduateexeter.com/2014/03/human-rights-act-1998-parliamentary-sovereignty-judiciary/ accessed 29 August 2016 Kavanagh A, Statutory Interpretation and Human Rights after Anderson: A More Contextual Approach (2004) Public Law 540 Masterman R, The Separation of Powers in the Contemporary Constitution: Judicial Competence and Independence in the UK (CUP 2010) Thomas Raine, Judicial Review Under the Human Rights Act: A Culture of Justification (2013) 1 NELR 90 https://research.ncl.ac.uk/media/sites/researchwebsites/northeastlawreview/Thomas%20Raine.pdf accessed 29 August 2016 Andy Williams, UK Government Politics (Heinemann 1998) https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6keDJpK0xL8Cprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false accessed 29 August 2016 -- How the Human Rights Act works (Liberty) www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act/how-human-rights-act-works accessed 29 August 2016