tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24573641130303249372024-03-12T19:29:37.201-07:00My college life essaycharliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-87830330120309492482020-09-03T05:29:00.001-07:002020-09-03T05:29:11.645-07:00Enabling Innovation in Campus NetworksQuestion: Talk about the Enabling Innovation in Campus Networks. Answer: Presentation Programming Define innovation is a sort of PC organizing which permits and help the system director to deal with the system administration of the association through the reflection of lower level usefulness. It tends to the way that the static design of conventional system doesn't bolster the dynamic, versatile figuring and put away the cutting edge processing situations like the server farm. SDN are usually connected with the Open Flow convention. It develops later in the year 2011. From 2012 numerous organizations have moved away from Open Flow as a solitary arrangement and have grasped various strategies which incorporates like Cisco's open Network Environment and Nicira Network Virtualization. Programming characterized organizing has begun not long after Sun Microsystems which is discharged by JAVA in the year 1995]. The first SDN venture was ATT's GeoPlex. The principle motivation behind this task is to build up the aptitudes of rising innovation SDN (Software Define Networking) .Through this task first thing which we will learn is the manner by which to build up the information dependent on some present status of rising innovation SDN which help the association to accomplish their work all the more effectively and quick. In the wake of examining and looking SDN developing innovation we will likewise distinguish it's security issue of the rising innovation. Writing Review I have experienced the various articles and book and get the information on Software Defined Technology. Subsequent to doing the examination I found this is a developing innovation and a rising idea for the PC organizing. It has been brought together the product legitimately to control the conduct of the system. It controls the system through the fundamental the physical switches and switches. I have experienced an article which is composed by Nick Mckeown he accepts that from years the PC researcher has thought to enhance something new which will improve the system speed, unwavering quality, security and the vitality productivity. Be that as it may, all the researcher has fizzled as the test was unthinkable for the enormous scope. An organization like Cisco and Hewlett-Packard had attempted yet the test was impractical. After that the Nick McKeon and his universities think to build up a standard called Open Flow which opens up the web and permit the client to characterize the information stream utilizing the product called SDN (Software Defined Networking). This system coordinates all the switches and switches, how to guide the system traffic to each other. It additionally ensures the exclusive steering guidance which separates one organization's equipment from another. As indicated by the James Mclllece Software Define, organizing gives a strategy to design and deal with the physical and virtual system gadgets like switch, switches and passage in the server farm. He told that virtual system component like Hyper V Virtual Switch, Windows Server Gateway is intended to be the necessary component of the product characterized organizing foundation He has clarified pleasantly in his article about the SDN , he told that SDN is just conceivable in light of the system planes. On the off chance that the association utilize this system there will be no bound to the system gadgets. The product characterized organizing permits the client to deal with the server farm progressively to give the computerized and concentrated approach to meet the prerequisite of the companys application and remaining tasks at hand. The accompanying abilities of the product Defined Networking are : It has the ability to characterize and control the strategies which oversee both the physical and virtual system which incorporates the traffic stream of the system. It executes the system approaches in a steady way with an ideal scale, regardless of whether the client or an organization send the new outstanding task at hand or move the remaining task at hand over the virtual or physical systems. It additionally abstracts the application and remaining burden from the hidden physical system which achieves by vitalizing the system. Paradis and Thomas additionally characterized that product Defined Networks is a worldview in which the directing choice are taken by a control layer. They told that on the off chance that we experience the contrast between the product characterized organize and the regular system structure were we can see that control plane and sending plane are isolated and convey through the various conventions like open stream. They told that SDN is fundamentally an alternate proposition which is just founded on layered methodology and attempt to unite the administration of the distinctive layer into a solitary controller. He additionally says that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a rising engineering which is reasonable, it is savvy and dynamic. It is likewise a perfect for the high-data transfer capacity, dynamic nature of the present applications. Paul Goransson in his book clarified about the Software-characterized organizing. He has pleasantly clarified the SDN, he says that in the year 2010 when he gave the main open chat on Open Flow that time this convention was the core of SDN and nobody had known about Open stream or programming characterized organize. He told that following 10 months in the long stretch of May 2011, open stream become popular and everybody began discussing the Open stream. The creator likewise told that, after this from 2012 numerous organizations have moved away from Open Flow as a solitary arrangement and have grasped various procedures which incorporates like Cisco's open Network Environment and Nicira Network Virtualization. The creator was likewise a sequential business person who has new businesses through the effective procurement by industry goliaths. He has additionally utilized this product characterized arrange in his association. Subsequent to experiencing every one of these articles , book s, and diary I have accumulated a lot of data with respect to the Software Defined Networking. Programming Define innovation is a kind of PC organizing which permits and help the system overseer to deal with the system administration of the association through the deliberation of lower level usefulness. In the present current age this SDN is the developing innovation which causes each organization to have the great systems administration system.I likewise came to realize that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a rising engineering which is dynamic and savvy, it is additionally a perfect for the high-transmission capacity, dynamic nature of the present applications. This design isolates the system control and forward the capacities and which empowers the system control and it legitimately gets programmable and underlines the framework to be preoccupied for applications and system administrations. Among this, the Open Flow convention is an essential component which manufactures SDN arrangements. It is the core of SDN. The design of the SDN is: Legitimately programmable: In this, the Network control is straightforwardly programmable in light of the fact that it is isolated from sending capacities. Spry: It controls the sending of executives powerfully and alters the system wide traffic stream to meet the changing needs of the association. Halfway oversaw: Network knowledge is the one which is legitimately incorporated in programming which depends on SDN controllers and which keep up a worldwide perspective on the system, which appears to an applications and strategy motors as a solitary, sensible switch and switch. Automatically designed: SDN lets organize deal with the chiefs arrange, secure, and it advance the system assets rapidly through powerful and robotized the SDN programs. Open principles based and merchant impartial: When SDN are executed through open gauges, at that point it rearranges the system plan and It is an exceptionally basic procedure security to the SDN. To give a security to the SDN a legitimate information on innovation is required. It is all around programmable so helpless assault happen in the SDN. The dangers: Directed Level Malevolent Behavior Brought about by Potential Countermeasures Sending Plane Switch DoS Bundle Encryption and Passage Bypassing Restricted Forwarding Table Storage Capacity Gigantic Number of Flows Restricted Switchs Buffering Capacity I. Rule Aggregation II. Expanding Switchs Buffering Capacity Control Plane DDoS Attack I. Centralization Controller Replication II. Restricted Forwarding Table Storage Capacity I. Dynamic Master Controller Assignment II. Gigantic Number of Flows Traded off Controller Assaults I. Centralization I. Controller Replication with Diversity Attacks II. Effective Controller Assignments Sending control connect Man-in-center assaults Correspondence message sent in clear Encryption Countermeasures: To keep the SDN shielded from these assaults the client needs to give a legitimate security. The Denial of Service assault is a kind of system assault which is intended to focus on the system or machine with a colossal measure of pointless traffic which is over-burden and inevitably bring it down to the knees. The primary aim of the DoS assault is to make the administrations on the objective machine which is in every case incidentally inaccessible to its individual clients. The organization who will utilize the SDN administration they should keep the system with a security like they should utilize id and secret key framework to keep the significant information of this SDN to shield from the danger Denial of Service. They ought not spill out any code of the system to some other customer it might influence the administration. Reference Open Daylight, Open Daylight: A Linux Foundation Collaborative Project, 2013. [Online]. Accessible: https://www.opendaylight.org A. Lara, A. Kolasani, and B. Ramamurthy, Network advancement utilizing OpenFlow: A study, Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 493512, First 2014 M. McBride, M. Cohn, S. Deshpande, M. Kaushik, M. Mathews, S. Nathan, SDN Security Considerations in the Data Center,Open Networking Foundation-ONF SOLUTION BRIEF, 2013 N. McKeown, T. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, G. Parulkar, L. P charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-33898326261232345772020-08-22T18:19:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:19:24.210-07:00Modern Global Epidemic Of ObesityPresent day Global Epidemic Of Obesity In his Annual report of 2002, the UK Chief Medical Officer has depicted it as a wellbeing time bomb. Overweight and hefty kids are probably going to remain stout into adulthood with expanded danger of related major ceaseless sicknesses. Thus, financial incongruities saw in weight supplement financial disparities in wellbeing (Law et al., 2007). Avoidance of youth corpulence along these lines is basic. In this paper, the creator will inspect the unpredictable cooperation of social, monetary, natural and ecological determinants of wellbeing that may clarify the ongoing blast, moves in segment patterns of this overall issue, and quickly investigate way of life and conduct factors that may make specific dangers. A conversation about causes, complexities and treatment alternatives of youth weight will follow. The creator will audit and break down determinants and wellbeing approach activities, basically assess different worldwide, national and neighborhood procedures, activities and mediations, which expect to forestall corpulence in adolescence and inspect their connection to regular wellbeing advancement models and speculations. By basically inspecting the scope of communications and existing activities, the creator tries to propose suitable mediations to handle the developing test of youth stoutness. Watchwords: youth corpulence, imbalances, approach, technique, anticipation, wellbeing advancement DEFINITION Heftiness/Adiposity is characterized as a condition portrayed by unnecessary muscle versus fat. Muscle versus fat can either be put away transcendently around the midriff or around the hips. Weight Index (BMI) is utilized to gauge stoutness and characterized as: Bodyweight (Kg) (Keys et al., 1972) Tallness (m) 2 BMI is helpful in clinical practice and epidemiologic examinations, however has confinements. Freedman et al. (2004) announced that in spite of the fact that BMI is a decent proportion of fat mass in kids with high BMIs, it's anything but a solid pointer in more slender kids. Two universal datasets that are broadly used to characterize overweight and weight in pre-younger students are International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference and World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards (2006). None is better than the other and both will in general disparage or overestimate the predominance when utilized on a similar populace (Monasta et al. 2010). Edges for heftiness in youngsters in UK (and Scotland) are estimated by alluding to UK National BMI grouping framework that utilizations reference bends dependent on information from a few British investigations somewhere in the range of 1978 and 1990 (Cole et al, 2000). Kids are named overweight or fat utilizing the 85th and 95th percentiles as cut focuses. Pervasiveness, patterns and expenses Corpulence has gotten a pestilence in numerous pieces of the world and studies in the course of the most recent decade have recorded the quickly expanding predominance of stoutness and overweight among kids alongside rising financial disparities (Wang and Lobstein, 2006; Lobstein, Baur and Uauy, 2004). The most recent WHO report (Mercedes, Monika and Elaine, 2010) in view of studies from 144 nations gauges that all around, 43 million kids (remembering 35 million for creating nations) are overweight and fat and another 92 million are in danger of overweight. This compares to a predominance increment from 4.2% in 1990 to 6.7% in 2010. In England, 2008 figures indicated 16.8% of young men matured 2 to 15, and 15.2% of young ladies were classed as hefty, an expansion from 11.1% and 12.2% individually in 1995 (The Health and Social Care Information Center, 2010). Among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations, just USA and Mexico having more elevated levels of corpulence than Scotland and this is relied upon to deteriorate even with current mediation rehearses. Scottish Govt. report (2010) states that in 2008, 15.1% kids were large and 31.7% were overweight. In the midst of this fate and melancholy situation are late reports (Stamatakis, Wardle and Cole, 2010) indicating patterns in overweight and stoutness commonness have settled or turned around in pre-adolescents and early high school a long time in France, Switzerland and Sweden. In the US as well, the heftiness pandemic might be settling (Ogden et al.,2010) yet it is too soon to know whether the information do mirror a genuine level (Cali and Caprio, 2008). Additionally, in England, slants in overweight and stoutness predominance have leveled off after 2002 (Stamatakis, Wardle and Cole, 2010); be that as it may, financial disparities have developed. Medicinal services (direct) expenses of corpulence are just a small amount of generally speaking (backhanded) expenses to society (McCormick, 2007) which are because of loss of business, creation levels and untimely annuities and passings. Weight is answerable for 2-8% of complete wellbeing costs in Europe and other created nations (WHO, 2007). Direct expenses of weight in Scotland were about à £175 million of every 2007/8 and expected to twofold by 2030. The roundabout expenses were a lot higher (about à £457 million) and anticipated that ascent should à £0.9 billion-à £3 billion by 2030 (Scottish Govt. report, 2010). In England, late gauge of direct corpulence related expenses to NHS is à £4.2 billion and this may twofold by 2050. Cost to the more extensive economy is in the district of à £16 billion, and will ascend to à £50 billion every year by 2050 whenever left unchecked (Department of Health (DH) report, 2010). Imbalances Albeit no unmistakable connection between financial status (SES) in early life and youth stoutness (yet affirmed a solid relationship with expanded bloatedness in adulthood) was accounted for by Parsons et al.,(1999); a later methodical survey by Shrewsbury and Wardle (2008) bolsters the view that overweight and heftiness will in general be progressively common among socio-monetarily impeded youngsters in created nations. Comparative examples are appeared in information from England (Stamatakis, Wardle and Cole, 2010; Law, 2007) and Scotland (Scottish Govt. report, 2010). Notwithstanding, patterns shift inside various ethnic populaces as featured by Wang and Zhang (2006); an audit by Caprio et al. (2008) who contemplated the impact of race, ethnicity and culture on weight patterns finished up higher commonness in non-Caucasian populaces in US. Albeit prior reports (Wang, 2001) uncovered that the weight of this issue was for the most part in wealthier areas of the populace in creating countries, ongoing reports (Lobstein, Baur and Uauy, 2004; Wang and Lobstein, 2006) demonstrate that pervasiveness is ascending among the urban poor in these nations, conceivably because of their presentation to Westernized consumes less calories covering with a background marked by undernutrition. The explanations behind the distinctions in pervasiveness of youth stoutness among populace bunches are mind boggling, including race, ethnicity, hereditary qualities, physiology, culture, SES including parental training, condition, just as communications among these factors (Law et al.,2007; Caprio and Cali, 2008; Townsend and Ridler, 2009). ETIOPATHOGENESIS and COMPLICATIONS Kirk, Penney and McHugh (2010) contend the unpredictability of the obesogenic condition, which involves individual (for example diet and physical movement inclinations; inability), physiological (for example hereditary qualities, race and ethnic, mental, metabolic) and ecological elements (home, school, and network). Other contributory elements are impacts in the public arena (e.g., social and companion impacts, food notices) and accessibility of and access to ideal human services. Albeit hereditary variables can affect singular inclination (Wardle et al., 2008), perinatal and maternal elements clarify quickly increasing worldwide predominance rates. Key perinatal components for youth weight (Wojcik and Mayer-Davis (2010), refered to in Freemark, 2010) are maternal overweight previously, during and after pregnancy, smoking and container taking care of. The moms dietary propensities and level of physical movement are likewise huge. Diminished physical movement levels related with inactive amusement (video and PC games), automated transportation (less strolling), and expanding urbanization (constrained chance to physical action) are totally connected with expanded danger of weight (Trost et al. 2001; Gordon-Larsen, McMurray and Popkin, 2000). Kids with handicap are at a more serious hazard to create stoutness (Reinehr et al.,2010); factors incorporate wellbeing concerns and confined access to physical action. Epstein et al. (2008) suggest that TV seeing energizes weight gain by diminishing physical movement, yet additionally by expanding vitality admission. Likewise, TV promoting could antagonistically influence dietary examples for the duration of the day (Lewis and Hill, 1998). Psychosocial variables can impact dietary and physical action practices that characterize vitality balance. Youngsters who experience the ill effects of disregard and despondency are at expanded hazard for heftiness during youth and sometime down the road (Johnson GJ et al.,2002; Pine DS et al.,2001).In differentiate, social help from guardians and others builds support in physical movement of kids and teenagers (Sallis, Prochaska, Taylor, 2000). There is proof that bosom milk in early stages may ensure against overweight in youth (Harder et al.,2005) while admission of nourishments with high glycemic list, sweet soda pops and quick food sources are related with expanded hazard and predominance of youth corpulence (Ludwig et al.,2001; French, 2001); in any case, long haul preliminaries are expected to certify this affiliation. Likewise, eating out (Zoumas-Morse et al.,2001) has all the earmarks of being a significant contributory way of life factor. Inordinate fat in the eating regimen is accepted to cause weight gain (Jequier, 2001); however, this affiliation isn't reliably appeared in epidemiological investigations (Atkin L-M Davies, 2000; Troiano,2000). Lustig (2006) suggests that the connection between changes in the earth and neuroendocrinology of human vitality balance is mind boggling. The creator clarifies that practices of expanded caloric admission and diminished vitality consumption are optional to commit weight gain that is d charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-74259090816092225522020-08-21T16:01:00.001-07:002020-08-21T16:01:29.933-07:00Brand Evolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsBrand Evolution - Assignment Example The superstar brand of Christina Aguilera and Britney Spears speaks to their individual ways of life, values, character, feeling and the wants that two famous people are distinguished straightforwardly with. It is prominent that the idea of the two brands has gone above and beyond to be related with a sub-culture in the general public for the most part through their fans. A large portion of the shoppers who are the fans are described with high-contribution where they have sincerely put resources into the brand. The two brands in the 21st century have had subculture eminently the youngsters in the general public outstandingly women distinguishing themselves. Both Christina Aguilera and Britney Spears brands have exceptionally genuinely put resources into the way of life the brand represents.Comparing the two vocation ways that both Aguilera and lances have taken lights up how their brands are persuasive in the contemporary social orders everywhere throughout the world. Christina Aguil era and Britney Spears got well known and rose to superstardom nearly simultaneously. This youth rivalry in different occasions contributed enormously to the improvement of the two personality brands of the two artists. Their disparities are as convincing as their likenesses in the different parts of execution and amusement measurements. Aguilera and Spears were conceived in 1980 and 1981 individually and the two of them contended as little youngsters in the vast majority of the nearby rivalries during their childhood.à Their image advancement started as they acted in different intelligent gifts by trying out for The Mickey Mouse Club,â⬠.... Both Christina Augilera and Britney Spears brands have exceptionally sincerely put resources into the way of life the brand speaks to. BRAND DEVELOPMENT Comparing the two vocation ways that both Aguilera and lances have taken lights up how their brands are powerful in the contemporary social orders everywhere throughout the world. Christina Augilera and Britney Spears got well known and rose to superstardom nearly simultaneously. During their time it was viewed as the clash of the blondies, they contended since adolescence and there is no unmistakable champ between the two. This youth rivalry in different occasions contributed enormously to the advancement of the two personality brands of the two vocalists. They were both skilled specialists, and their disparities are as convincing as their similitudes in the different parts of execution and diversion measurements (Beverly 2005). Aguilera and Spears were conceived in 1980 and 1981 individually and the two of them contended as little youngsters in the greater part of neighborhood rivalries during their adolescence. Their image advancement started as they acted in different intelligent abilities by trying out for The Mickey Mouse Club,â⬠. This was a mainstream TV appear in USA where Aguilera tried out in 1991 and held up two years until she was more established. Aguilera supported her vocation in execution and singing checking rapidly her place as a diva with an incredible voice appropriate for singing. Britney Spears then again started her image creation in 1992 joining The Mickey Mouse Clubâ⬠where Aguilera had marked a year back. This denoted the start of their image foundation being a piece of one group. Until the retraction in 1994 Spears and Aguilera remained on the show and they did some of various exhibitions together on the show. Credited to this reality is that the two charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-50090552230008547942020-06-09T12:00:00.001-07:002020-06-09T12:00:03.174-07:00Sneak Peak PQs Best Undergraduate B-Schools - Sneak Peak: PQs Best Undergraduate B-Schools by: Nathan Allen on December 04, 2018 | 0 Comments Comments 3,813 Views December 4, 2018For the third straight year,à PoetsQuants will publish its annual ranking of the Best Undergraduate Business Schools. This year, a total 0f 88 schools will be ranked ââ¬â more than any previous year. The rankings will be published in entirety next Wednesday morning (December 12) at midnight Eastern Time.In addition to the rankings, in-depth profiles on all 88 schools to be ranked as well as five schools that submitted school survey data but did not meet the minimum alumni response rate to be included. A wealth of proprietary data based on the school and alumni surveys ââ¬â including average SAT scores, employment data, acceptance rates, and average high school GPAs ââ¬â will also be published.As always,à PQ will make available all the data used in its ranking as well as additional information such as the schools schools enrolling th e most U.S. minorities, international students, and first-generation college students. After the rankings go live, a series of stories will explore which schools leave students in the most debt and which ones offer the most generous scholarship grants.FOUR NEW SCHOOLS WILL BE IN THIS YEARS TOP TENLast year, the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School topped the list. Wharton was followed by Washington University in St. Louis Olin Business School, the University of Virginia McIntire School of Commerce, the University of Notre Dame Mendoza School of Business, and Georgetown Universitys McDonough School of Business, respectively.à This years list features four new schools in the top ten. One school ââ¬â Boston Colleges Carroll School of Management ââ¬â is being ranked for the first time and debuted in the top ten.à (see the 2017 rankings here).PoetsQuantsà Best Undergraduate Business Schools ranking is based on three key categories ââ¬â admissions standards, the co llege experience, and career outcomes. Each category is weighted equally in the methodology (see How We Crunched The Numbers).à This year, just as we did in the previous two years, admissions standards are broken down by business school acceptance rates (30%), average SATs (35%), and percentage of students graduating in the top 10% of their high school class (35%).The college and business school experience is based entirely on responses to our extensive alumni survey. This year, however, we included results from last years survey to increase the sample size and boost the statistical validity of the results. Alumni results from this year were weighted 75%, while last years were given the remaining 25% weight. That was the only significant change in our methodology this year.BUSINESS REMAINS THE MOST POPULAR UNDERGRADUATE MAJOR IN THE U.S.The final third of the ranking is determined by career outcomes. The percentage of students with full-time employment within three months of gradu ation is given a 50% weight, while annual salary and signing bonus average is given a 30% weight and the percentage of students completing a business-related internship before graduation is weighted 20%.Business still remains the most popular major in the U.S. According to the most recent data (updated last March) from the National Center for Education Statistics, 372,000 business degrees were awarded during the 2015-2016 academic year. The next highest category was health professions and related categories, which awarded 229,000 during the same academic year.Of course, no ranking is perfect and a college decision should not be made on a ranking alone.à PQ publishes a wealth of data-based insights on the schools à and in-depth school profiles so readers may use this information as a launching place to explore and target their best choices for a quality business education. When the rankings are published next week, take the time to go through the stories and data to begin or aid the college search.THESE SCHOOLS WILL BE ON THE TOP TEN NEXT WEEKIn no order, here are this years top ten schoolsBoston College Carroll School of ManagementUniversity of California-Berkeley Haas School of BusinessCornell University Dyson School of Applied Economics and ManagementUniversity of Michigan Ross School of BusinessUniversity of Pennsylvania Wharton SchoolUniversity of Texas-Austin McCombs School of BusinessWashington University in St. Louis Olin Business SchoolUniversity of Virginia McIntire School of CommerceNew York University Stern School of BusinessVillanova University School of BusinessDONT MISS: BUSINESS SCHOOLS WITH THE BEST UNDERGRADUATE FINANCE PROGRAMS or 10 UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS SCHOOLS TO WATCH IN 2018 Page 1 of 11 charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-25977885211628724022020-05-17T11:58:00.001-07:002020-05-17T11:58:05.303-07:00Philosophy Is Completely Different From Psychology Philosophy is one of the most interesting subject. Many people assume and confuse it with psychology. Philosophy is completely different from psychology. Psychology is how a person feels about a topic, while philosophy is how you ought to feel about the topic. The purpose of philosophy is to understand an argument, not emotional, but logically. Only by truly understanding an argument, one can improve his/her thinking. Within philosophy, there are many ethical theories. Such theories include: the Divine Command Theory, Hedonism, Desire Theory, Ethical Relativism, and much more. In this term paper, I will discuss which theory I believe is the strongest and which theory I believe is the weakest. Regardless, there is no perfect theory. Each theory is without flaws. I believe act-utilitarianism is the strongest ethical theory presented in class. Act-utilitarianism is when, according to Russ Shafer-Landau, ââ¬Å"acts are right just because they maximize the overall amount of well-being in the worldâ⬠. On the other hand, actions are wrong if they do not maximize the overall amount of well-being in the world. Because the main concept of utilitarianism is to improve the overall well-being, that concept determines which actions are considered right or wrong. Act-utilitarianism is a part of a family of theories that are similar to consequentialism and utilitarianism (neither act nor rule utilitarianism). This family of theories are all similar in a way that the main idea is to improve andShow MoreRelatedPsychology And The Human Soul998 Words à |à 4 Pages1. Psychology exists in several different forms. Name and briefly describe them. Also, give an example of each. Psychology is known for studying the behavior and mind; trying to understand the human mind in its conscious and unconscious state. 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Even the threat of death does not mean that you stop living with compassion, love, and energy. Morrieââ¬â¢s story and the way he taught Mitch is a perfect example of psychology in real life, taught by two people who are very talented in the subject of sociologyRead MoreThe Impact Of Philosophy Of Education On The Changing Nature Of Philosophy Essay1587 Words à |à 7 PagesIMPACT OF HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION ON THE CHANGING NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION Philosophy of education is nothing to do with the various parts or streams of education it seems to deal with the sociological and evolutionary and historical base of education. Its ââ¬Ëwhat ought to beââ¬â¢ not what should happen or the result of what has already taking place or happened in the field of education. It analysis the various themes related to education like the teacher centred approach, indoctrination charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-83717470538441944772020-05-06T19:16:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:16:37.157-07:00Marketing Project Essay - 1495 Words Marketing Project Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the ever changing technological era of the soon to be 21st century, electronic advancements have amazed us all. Unfortunately, the educational gap for the common man/woman as a computer end user has left many far behind. There are those who know and those who dont. This gap is the anchor of the computer industry. One question comes to mind. quot;Why would I buy a computer, investing thousands of dollars, when I dont know the first thing about them?quot; If it were as easy as plugging it in and it guiding you through every nook and cranny answering every question you had, then the computer would basically sell itself. However, the shortcomings of thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If someone who has no idea how to use a computer needs help, this could get quite costly. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;My business would deal more on the novice level. From how to turn on your computer to more advanced applications. I plan to gear my service toward the person who has a simple problem, to the more learned computer user, and will call on my service without hesitation. My goal would be to make the customer feel comfortable no matter how insignificant the case. This is what would separate my business from the others. Pricing Strategy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I would be most likely accepted in the market in a penetration pricing strategy. First, my overhead would be minimal so cost of my service would best serve the public at a low start up price. Second, not many are willing to open their pocket books too wide after theyve already made a major purchase. However, since my service could be considered a short term service with a high turnover, a month to month contract or a choice of extensions to this contract for additional fees would go like this: $25 for the first month up to 25 calls $45 for two months up to 50 calls $70 for three months up to 75 calls $125 for six months unlimited calls $200 for 1 year unlimited calls all emergency home visits would be a $20 charge An important note: These would be the promotional prices in the IntroductoryShow MoreRelatedAzalea Project Marketing1003 Words à |à 5 PagesFoundations of Marketing Azalea Project 1. 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The product I have selected is Pringles. I chose to do my project on Pringles as they have a very interesting packaging design and they are one of the leading providers of potatoes crisps. Firstly I will present an overview of Pringles then I will examine the Marketing Mix used by Pringles. There are four elements of the Marketing Mix, these are, ProductRead MoreMarketing Proposal Project5597 Words à |à 23 PagesVerizon Project Proposal Child Alert MKT421 Verizon- in General From the Verizon web page, Verizon CommunicationsÃâ¦. is one of the world s leading providers of high-growth communications services. Verizon companies are the largest providers of wire line and wireless communications in the United States, with nearly 135 million access line equivalents and over 30 million wireless customers. Verizon is also the world s largest provider of print and online directory information. A FortuneRead MoreEssay Marketing Project3910 Words à |à 16 PagesMP-APPENDIX B STUDENT MARKETING PLAN FOR ââ¬Å"CYNOSUREâ⬠A Marketing Plan Presented by: Sepideh Bayani Table of Contents Page 1. Background 1 2. Strategic Focus and Plan 1 Mission Statement 1 Goals 1 Competitive Advantage 2 3. Situation Analysis 2 SWOT Analysis 2 Competitor Analysis 3 Company Analysis 3 Customer Analysis 4 Customer Analysis 4 4. Market-Product Focus 4 Marketing and Product Objectives 4 Market-Product Grid 5 Read MoreMarketing Mini-Project1204 Words à |à 5 PagesCategory: Woman or manà ¡Ã ¦s shoes Three Stores: Aldo, Payless Shoes, Sportà ¡Ã ¦s Check, Observations We pick three different stores that have different characteristics throughout the store decoration, sales, and the style of the shoes that each of the store carries. The stores are Aldo, payless shoes, and sportà ¡Ã ¦s check. Aldo carries fashion shoes which attract people who are more considering about the look of themselves. Payless Shoes has different brand of shoes and style with lower priceRead MoreMarketing Project (Jeans)2607 Words à |à 11 Pagescan be place in the store front windows for potential customers to see as they are walking by. Conclusion Even though Paige Premium Denim has only been established in the jean market for a short while, it is predominately noticeable that the marketing mix used to promote such a unique product is well defined and working toward a mainstream customer base. As wide spread as the jean market is, Paige Premium Denim is certainly one that keeps the customer in mind during the creation process. SheRead MoreEssay on Marketing Project2410 Words à |à 10 Pagesin an advancing industry * Communication mechanism is fragmented After evaluation of the alternative courses WICS has for consideration, recommendations to address and rectify each issue were chosen. 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The role of marketing management to target the consumers, critically analyse? Introduction: To begin with, the investigation will be made in this research to know about the product which produced from Apple in e- business market and how well they create an environment to make their products more superior from their competing rivalries. The reason behind selecting this charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-56334411263585750162020-05-06T00:59:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:59:07.194-07:00Parliamentary Sovereignty Question: Evaluate whether Parliament is sovereign, giving consideration to judicial power and the effect of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the law of England and Wales. Answer: Introduction The Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty is ingrained in the British Constitution; however, this is no longer absolute as the concept is evolving.[1] Historically, parliamentary sovereignty was held above all else[2] with the exception of the Doctrine of Implied Repeal as exemplified in Vauxhall Estates v Liverpool Corporation[3] where a future legislative assembly could not be bound by a sitting one through statute. Consequently, it is a logical assumption is that the judiciary cannot challenge the sovereignty of parliament as it has unlimited legislative powers superseding the courts.[4] In exercise of their judicial powers, courts have elicited great discourse on the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the parliaments supremacy. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the evolution of this doctrine considering the concepts of judicial power and judicial review as per the provisions of the HRA 1998 and the ECHR. Parliamentary Sovereignty and HRA Act 1998 In theory, judicial power is defined as the authority exercised by an arm of government to hear, determine and make judgements.[5] Judges exercise their legislative power when they interpret statutes without any reference to members of parliament.[6] In the UK, sections 2 and 3(1) of the HRA 1998 give the judiciary interpretive powers on Conventional Rights and primary legislation in relation to these rights. All UK law is subject to interpretation in a manner that is compatible with the 1998 Act.[7] This leaves the power to enforce human rights with the judiciary; an increase in the courts powers at the expense of parliament.[8] There is a variance of opinion on the effect of the expansion of the courts judicial powers on parliamentary sovereignty. In R (Jackson) v Attorney General,[9] Lady Hale stated that by enacting the 1998 Act parliament had limited its own powers. This is because the provisions of the HRA 1998 provide judges with the obligation to surpass conventional domestic law while performing their interpretive duty.[10] It is important to note that the effectiveness of courts depends on the willingness of other arms of government to abide by their decisions.[11] In as much as courts are encouraged to be more radical in their interpretation, they can only do so within the current limits of law.[12] In re (S) (Care Order: Implementation of Care Plan),[13] the court held that the HRA 1998 aims to protect sovereignty and as such the previous courts ruling had unjustifiably exceeded its interpretive mandate and was instead altering law under the guise of interpretation.[14] Courts have the power, under judicial review, to assess the action of other government branches so as to determine their legality and constitutionality.[15]A victim of a decision, action or omission of a public authority can apply to the High Court to provide a remedy where the authority is found to have acted unlawfully.[16] This power is provided under section 6 of the HRA 1998 that forbids any public authority from executing its mandate in contradiction to the rights. A body is subject to judicial review in respect to its public functions regardless of whether it is statutory or not.[17] In R v Panel on Takeovers and Mergers[18] a non-statutory organisation was held as susceptible to judicial review as it was exercising public functions. Traditionally, the standard for judicial review under the HRA 1998 was the irrationality test set out in the Wednesbury[19] case by Lord Greene where the rationale of decisions was tested against the reasoning and moral standing of any logical man .[20] The HRA 1998 has given courts new powers of judicial review that enable them to challenge the decisions and actions of the government in human rights terms.[21] Parliament decisions can now be challenged thus creating a limit on parliamentary sovereignty.[22] In order to preserve this sovereignty, the declaration of incompatibility was created under section 4 of the 1998 Act to ensure that where an incompatibility arises parliament still gets the final say on how to address it.[23] As illustrated in the R (Anderson) [24] where the Home Secretarys powers remained lawful and in force, despite being rendered incompatible to the HRA 1998, until a new statute was enacted; declaration of incompatibility does not invalidate statute. Parliamentary Sovereignty and the ECHR When the court at Strasbourg rules in a case, articles 1 and 46(1) of the ECHR expect that the state in question takes the necessary legal initiative to ensure that any issues raised are addressed accordingly.[25] This constitutes the extent to which judges can make law under the Convention. The Convention has been interpreted as a living instrument a claim which Lord Judge stated meant that courts could legislate on issues which previously were under parliaments jurisdiction.[26] He believed that members of parliament should have ultimate supremacy over unelected judges of any jurisdiction unless they chose to surrender such supremacy.[27] With regard to their interpretive duty, Lord Bingham in Ullah v Special Adjudicator[28] summarised the mandate of domestic courts as merely to keep up with the evolution of jurisprudence at the international court.[29] This mirror principle has however been contested by Lord Irvine who believes that UK judges should not be restricted to the bare m inimum requirement in adjudging cases as stipulated in Ullah[30] but should critically analyse the cases themselves.[31] Internationally, parliamentary supremacy is challenged by the courts power of judicial review. The standard for judicial review compatible with the ECHR is that of proportionality.[32] Unlike the irrationality test, the onus probandi lies with the legislator rather than the victim.[33] In R (Daly) v Secretary for the Home Department[34] the House of Lords endorsed proportionality as the authoritative measure of review in human rights cases as it provided a stricter and more definite assessment.[35] According to Dr Pinto-Duschinsky, the expansion jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has created a democratic inadequacy that can be corrected by introducing an override, as is present in the HRA 1998, where the back still lies with parliament.[36] Conventions rights are protected under natural law which is supported by the government.[37] However, this does not empower parliament to nullify human rights.[38] The power of judicial review is vested in the Strasbourg co urt to ensure justice prevails as even democratically elected governments could be guilty of the gravest crimes.[39] Abnegation by parliament to adhere to the Courts decisions on any matters to which it is a party would only serve to challenge the UKs international standing.[40] Conclusion The HRA 1998 upholds parliamentary sovereignty as it denies UK courts powers to veto statute.[41] The Act contains a number of provisions to protect parliamentary sovereignty[42] the most significant being that parliament still has a say on whether to repeal or amend the law which the judiciary advises as incompatible.[43] However, the orthodox standing on Parliamentary Sovereignty has evolved due to the expansion of powers in the judicial arm of government. These expansions serve to check and balance the parliamentary supremacy with respect to the Doctrine of Separation of Powers. Parliament is, therefore, sovereign but only to the extent in which its decisions are compatible with Conventional and Human Rights. References BBC, European Court of Human Rights Risk to UK Sovereignty BBC News (United Kingdom, 28 December 2013) www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-25535327 accessed 29 August 2016 Bellamy B, Political Constitutionalism and the Human Rights Act (2011) 9 (1) ICON https://icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/86.full accessed 29 August 2016 Draft Voting Eligibility (Prisoners) HL Bill (2013-14) 13 www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201314/jtselect/jtdraftvoting/103/10307.htm accessed 29 August 2016 Elliot M, The Three Dimensions of the Relationship between UK Law and the ECHR (Public Law for Everyone, 5 December 2013) https://publiclawforeveryone.com/2013/12/05/the-three-dimensions-of-the-relationship-between-uk-law-and-the-echr/ accessed 29 August 2016 Fenwick H, Phillipson G and Masterman R (eds), Judicial Reasoning under the UK Human Rights Act (CUP 2007) https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=7bQakM9B7TYCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false accessed 29 August 2016 Gardner C, Lord Irvine: British Judges Should Decide Human Rights Cases for Themselves (Head of Legal, 14 December 2011) www.headoflegal.com/2011/12/14/lord-irvine-british-judges-should-decide-human-rights-cases-for-themselves/ accessed 29 August 2016 Gordon R and Ward T, Judicial Review and the Human Rights Act (Routledge 2013) Horne A and Miller V, Parliamentary Sovereignty and the European Convention on Human Rights ( House of Commons Library, 6 November 2014) https://commonslibraryblog.com/2014/11/06/parliamentary-sovereignty-and-the-european-convention-on-human-rights/ accessed 29 August 2016 Howard E, Is Parliamentary Sovereignty Now at Threat from the Judiciary? (2014) 1(1) The Undergraduate https://www.theundergraduateexeter.com/2014/03/human-rights-act-1998-parliamentary-sovereignty-judiciary/ accessed 29 August 2016 Kavanagh A, Statutory Interpretation and Human Rights after Anderson: A More Contextual Approach (2004) Public Law 540 Masterman R, The Separation of Powers in the Contemporary Constitution: Judicial Competence and Independence in the UK (CUP 2010) Thomas Raine, Judicial Review Under the Human Rights Act: A Culture of Justification (2013) 1 NELR 90 https://research.ncl.ac.uk/media/sites/researchwebsites/northeastlawreview/Thomas%20Raine.pdf accessed 29 August 2016 Andy Williams, UK Government Politics (Heinemann 1998) https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6keDJpK0xL8Cprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false accessed 29 August 2016 -- How the Human Rights Act works (Liberty) www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act/how-human-rights-act-works accessed 29 August 2016 charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-54714048922815204222020-04-21T02:00:00.001-07:002020-04-21T02:00:05.397-07:00Killing the Innocence in War, Justified or Murder Abstract The debate surrounding the justification of deaths of innocent people caused by warring soldiers during war is a complicated issue to deal with. For fear of being attacked by disguised enemies, soldiers have ended up killing innocent civilians including older men, women, and children. While some people have argued that this may be acceptable, others think otherwise.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Killing the Innocence in War, Justified or Murder? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To a large extent, this is linked to the belief that human beings are mostly reasonable. Generally, killing of civilians during war time is regarded as a serious offence that should be dealt with carefully if the innocent have to receive protection. On the other hand, however, it is possible for warring soldiers to find themselves in difficult situations requiring them to act fast to protect themselves from attackers unknown to them. This is especially true whenever a soldier is fighting on the enemyââ¬â¢s soil. While it is ordinarily believed that most civilians especially women and children are the innocent ones, there are instances where they have been used by soldiers to ferry dangerous weapons to be used against the opponents. This has led to situations where a soldier ignores the fact a civilian may be innocent and goes ahead to kill in self defense. This is based on the fact that it may be difficult to determine the innocence of the civilian. To be on the safe side, soldiers generally regard every person as a potential threat. Introduction The appeal to what would cause outrage in the general sentiments of humanity is a common way to think about the elements of normal moral perception of which each person is thought to be capable. Certain things are thought to be so heinous that any person would be outraged when perceiving them. The killing of civilians during war time is one of the commonly cite d examples of this kind of monstrous act (May, 2005). But consider, for a moment, the conditions of war fare when one is acting in enemy territory. In some war time situations, every person, soldier or civilian, is a potential threat. If the civilians seem to be unarmed, and the soldiers are armed, then the idea of the civilians as potential threats is only partially blunted, because the soldiers often do not know which civilians are members of the enemy forces.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arguments for and Against Killing the Innocent in War It is clearly an outrage against the sentiments of humanity for soldiers to kill civilian men, women, and children? Initially, it seems that the answer would be clearly yes, as was held by the American military tribunal that convicted Lieutenant Calley. The shooting of seemingly unarmed civilians, especially children, at point blank range, appea red to be morally outrageous. Virtually, all societies have had strong moral prohibitions against the taking of innocent life (McMahan, 2009). The standard morally acceptable bases for justified killings, whether in self defense or in defense of others, can not be seen to justify killing those who do not have the capacity to harm or kill a well armed, typically male, adult soldier. Ordinarily, soldiers are trained to kill. When soldiers follow their training, and kill, it is not as much of an outrage as it would be for a non soldier to engage in such killing. But when a soldier or non soldier kills an innocent person, especially a child, this is considered to be enough of an outrage to our civilized instincts to think that it should be heavily sanctioned so as to prevent future acts of this sort at almost any cost (Buhk, 2012). In My Lai massacre, it is uncontested that Lieutenant Calley and his men killed more than 100 unarmed civilian men, women, and children. However, as one read s through the various court opinions in the case, there is quite a lot of disagreement of how best to characterize these killings. As pointed out earlier, the military tribunal found Calley guilty of war crimes, and the Court of Military Review upheld the conviction. But the first civilian court to consider the case took a very different position. Here is how the U.S. District Court characterized some of the facts: The petitioner was 25 years of age and had been an enlisted man for approximately 14 years. The petitionerââ¬â¢s first assignment in Vietnam was at Doc Pho. This was the first indoctrination about the character of the potential enemy. He was told that women were as dangerous as men, and that children were even more dangerous because they were unsuspected. He was also informed that women were frequently better shots than the men and that the children were used to plant mines and booby traps. During Calleyââ¬â¢s earlier limited missions, the unit was continually subje ct to fire from unknown and unseen individuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Killing the Innocence in War, Justified or Murder? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A number of men in the company had been killed or wounded and prior to the operation at My Lai, they had never seen the persons responsible for the death or injuries of their buddies. Consequently, the formed the opinion that civilians were in part responsible. When Calley was supposedly to go to My Lai and kill everyone there, his background assumption seems to have been that all the people in the village, including men, women, and children, were enemies and potential threats. The U.S. District Court, therefore, granted Calleyââ¬â¢s petition for habeas corpus relief in part because of how it understood the facts. On the other hand, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit reversed the U.S. District, also at least in part because of its very different construal of the factual record. In reversing the U.S. District Court, the Circuit Court of Appeals seemed to see the My Lai incident as nothing other than a slaughter of unarmed, unresisting old men, women, and children. What complicated the picture in My Lai was that the distinction between civilian and combatant had become blurred, with even fairly small children being used to transport weapons. So while there may be strong sentiments against the killing of civilians, especially children, there was a possible defense in the case of My Lai that might have been an exception to the moral judgment about what was normally acceptable or appropriate behavior. For there was reason, according to the US District Court, to believe that some civilians, and even some children, could be trying to inflict injury or death on the American soldiers in this Vietnamese hamlet.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At Calleyââ¬â¢s military trial, and also in the US Circuit Court of Appeals, such reasons were indeed considered and rejected, after much discussion and debate. However, the US District Court seemed to believe that some of the civilians who were killed might have been thought to be threats to the soldiers in Lieutenant Calleyââ¬â¢s unit. In retrospect, it seems that the District Court opinion was seriously flawed. For even if Calley had feared that the civilians in the My Lai hamlet might be enemy soldiers in disguise, they gave no indication that they were armed or that they were posing an immediate threat to Calley and his men. According to McMahan (2009), the moralized notion of a combatant as anyone who poses a threat in war is different from the legal notion. In law, combatant status is accorded to persons who satisfy certain criteria, such as disguising themselves visibly at a distance by some conventional sign, carrying their arms openly, subordinating themselves to a h ierarchy of authority and command, and obeying the laws of war. Failure to satisfy such criteria can result in the forfeiture of combatant status under the law. While combatants in this legal sense are all presumed to pose a threat, not all of those who pose a threat in war are combatants in this sense. While all those who pose a threat in war are combatants in the moral sense, a major problem in war theory is that there are many people who pose a threat in war who would not be considered combatants by anyone (McMahan, 2009). In partial defense of the District Court, I would point out that we do not always require soldiers to prove that enemy soldiers pose an immediate threat before it is considered justifiable to kill them. It may be too late by the time it discovered that suspected enemy soldiers are concealing not only their identities but also their weapons. The point here is not to argue that Calley should have been relieved of responsibility, but only to indicate that even in this seemingly clear case, two courts came to different conclusions about how to regard the My Lai massacre based on how they reconstructed the threat faced by Calley and his men in Vietnam. This discussion does not call into question the normal sentiment that innocent life should be preserved. Rather, what is uncertain is the very judgment that a certain adult or even a child is to be seen as an innocent person. And yet it is this judgment, really a matter of moral perception, which is crucial to the determination of whether it was indeed an outrage for Lieutenant Calleyââ¬â¢s unit to kill civilians in the hamlet of My Lai in Vietnam. Defenses against Killing In the US tort law, one way to make sense of whether one is liable for a given harm that he or she did not intend to cause is to ask whether one violated a duty of care owed to the person armed (May, 2005). To ascertain if one had such a duty, one looks, among other things, at what the burden would have been to the agent if he or she had conformed to the duty. If the crucial issue before us concerns the possible culpable ignorance or moral negligence of soldiers, then the tort analysis of duty and negligence becomes relevant. What makes many battlefield situations so tragic is that the cost of acting with due care toward civilians is often that the soldiers risk death to themselves. In non battlefield situations, one is hardly ever faced with imminent death if he or she exercises due care towards others in his or her life. It is for this reason that the superior orders defense shows up most commonly in the battlefield situations, and not very often off the battlefield. It may be helpful to think of conspiracy as a model of most types of shared or collective responsibility. If Susan, Smith, and Alex recruit Peter to drive a gateway car in a bank robbery scheme cooked up by Susan, then it makes sense to think of all four as collectively responsible for the resulting bank robbery. This is especially appa rent if Peter is paid well for his contribution and understands perfectly, how her contribution to this joint venture will aid in its successful completion. The driver, Peter, is a cog in a machine like enterprise that will make the robbery possible in ways that would not be true if any of the four people involved were acting on their own or in only a loosely connected manner. For this reason, they are collectively responsible for the results of their joint undertaking. Their individual responsibility will depend on the role that each plays in the joint venture. Suppose that while Peter is driving away from the scene of the crime pedestrian steps off a curb in the path of the gangââ¬â¢s fleeing car. Peter, generally a compassionate person begins to apply the brake, but Susan, the insensitive ring leader puts a gun to Peterââ¬â¢s head and urges him to drive on to avoid being court. Should Peter be held responsible for the injuries of the pedestrian as well as for the robbery? O n the assumption that one held a gun to Peterââ¬â¢s head to get him to join the conspiracy in the first place, Peter seems to be in a different moral position with respect to the pedestrianââ¬â¢s injuries than with respect to the robbery itself. Certainly, Peter appeared to have a choice of whether to join the robbery conspiracy, but not much of a choice about whether to run down the pedestrian. Was it a moral choice of Peter to ignore the order given by Susan? There are many parallel cases in international law, such as when a soldier or subordinate feels that his or her life is threatened if he or she does not follow orders. The same consideration should be operative, making us reluctant to say that in such situations, there is a moral choice available to the soldier (Kurtz Turpin, 1999). In cases of collective guilt, subtleties of context are still relevant in determining how to apportion blame to the members of the group, especially concerning legal blame and guilt (Buhk, 2012). It is, however, important to place the reasonable person standard into the specific context that the actual person was faced with. In order to do this, it is often necessary to bring in some of the beliefs of the actual person in considering what a reasonable person would have done. On the other hand, battlefield situations are so abnormal that it will often be hard to merely drop a reasonable person into a situation without taking into account how the actual person in question reacted to the situation. On several occasions, war crime tribunals have had to decide what price is too high to pay in order to expect people to reasonably exercise due care not to injure one another. In the case of Lieutenant Calley, it may be true that he and his soldiers feared for their own lives if they did not do what they thought they had been legitimately ordered to do. In Calleyââ¬â¢s case, he never claimed that someone literally had a gun to his head, forcing him to shoot the civilians. I n the same way, his concern that the seemingly innocent civilians might be enemies in disguise was not sufficient to establish the proposition that he had no other moral choice but to follow orders, for it is important to consider what sort of threat those civilians posed. If the killings of the civilians had been clearly and unambiguously wrong, then Calley would have needed a very strong showing that he had no moral choice but to do what was clearly and unambiguously wrong. An important question that to be asked is whether a reasonable person in Calleyââ¬â¢s situation would believe that these civilians posed a threat to his safety, and that of his troops. If so, then perhaps even moral choice was restricted in this situation. Conclusion Much philosophical discussion about political violence is taken up with argument about whether and to what extent acts of violence can be justified as a means to good ends. According to Kurtz and Turpin (1999), there are limit on what may justif iably be done in pursuit of good or worthy ends. Even though many actions can be justified by their beneficial consequences, some actions are simply wrong in themselves. Some people typically take the view that, other than in circumstances of war, the only acceptable justification for violence is that of self defense or defense of others from wrongful attack. Persons have moral rights not to be wrongfully injured or killed, and consequently, they have rights to defend themselves against wrongful physical attacks. It is also sometimes argued that to violently attack someone who is not engaged in or threatening violence is a kin to punishing an innocent person. Conversely, one who engages in wrongful violence against another may be said to have relinquished his or her normal rights to be attacked. We can only be justified in using as much violence against an attacker, however, as is required to defend ourselves. From the arguments presented in this paper, it is apparent that one of th e tests of whether an act of the defendant violates the requirement by law is if the act shocks the conscience of humanity. In most cases, there is an overlap of the law and morality indicating the relevance of moral matters to questions of whether a crime was committed wrongfully or not. It is, therefore, important for the court to exercise considerable restraint in prosecuting, convicting, and sentencing soldiers for deaths occurring during war. References Buhk, T. T. (2012). True Crime in the Civil War: Cases of Murder, Treason, Counterfeiting, Massacre, Plunder, Abuse. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. Kurtz, L.R. Turpin, J. E. (1999). Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. Massachusetts: Academic Press. May, L. (2005). Crimes against Humanity: A Normative Account. New York: Cambridge University Press. McMahan, J. (2009). Killing in War. New York: Cambridge University Press. This essay on Killing the Innocence in War, Justified or Murder? was written and submitted by user Jasiah David to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-67206614289906678202020-03-16T00:11:00.001-07:002020-03-16T00:11:02.437-07:00Mexican War essaysMexican War essays The Mexican War by Otis A. Singletary This book by Otis A. Singletary deals with different aspects of the Mexican war. It is a compelling description and concise history of the first successful offensive war in United States military history. The work examines two countries that were unprepared for war. The political intrigues and quarrels in appointing the military commanders, as well as the military operations of the war, are presented and analyzed in detail. The author also analyzes the role that the Mexican War played in bringing on the U.S. Civil War. The Mexican-American War of the 1840s, precipitated by border disputes and the U.S. annexation of Texas, ended with the military occupation of Mexico City by General Winfield Scott. In the subsequent treaty, the United States gained territory that would become California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mr. Singletary has been remarkably successful, despite the brevity of his book, in describing with important details the Mexican War. The book can be break into two main parts. The first part gives background which explains different reasons that played a decisive role for the break out of the war, and it relates the different campaigns that allowed the invasion of northern Mexico and the city of Mexico. The second half of the book deals with the way politician and generals behave during the war, and the book ends touching the role played by diplomacy in this war. The book has been organized in chronological order, which gives to the readers the opportunity to follow the events of the war without confusion. But it is not only a mere account of dates and events, because it explains briefly but concisely every decision making before the occurring of battle. The book uses maps and pictures. Maps and pictures are really helpful in visualizing what is being described, and they allow having and idea of how it was during this war. ... charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-1248805640143321142020-02-28T14:35:00.001-08:002020-02-28T14:35:03.761-08:00Use the sources below to extend the paper to a 4-pages research(MLA EssayUse the sources below to extend the paper to a 4-pages research(MLA Style) - Essay Example At Southern most labors the slaves were freed, the following new issues were different with the antebellum U.S. As the winner, the changes between the Northern which promoted the industrial capitalism and the freed slavery south was embedded after the Civil War was ended. The most popular questions were: would the Black people go or stay? Where should the 4 million go or stay? Under the wave of abolishing the slavery, the capitalism creates a special group: The Sharecropper. What influence did sharecropping have, and was it good or bad for the black people? Who started sharecropping? Was the situation the same as the president Lincoln had suggested? What influenced the U.S. and what was different between sharecropping and slavery? My opinion on this is that sharecropping did not change the black peopleââ¬â¢s situation and it did not lead the African Americans to an economic independence and autonomy fundamentally ââ¬Å"All facts suggest that black sharecropperââ¬â¢s income was less than white sharecropperââ¬â¢s income. This is not astonishing given the history of slavery, which was bestowed to the blacksâ⬠(Federico 261). So, what is sharecropping? Sharecropping is a way of agriculture in which a landowner allows their tenant to utilize their land in return for a split of the crops produced on the land. The tenant signs a contract for such arrangements. Somehow this seemed like freedom for the blacks, but it was not. ââ¬Å"Sharecroppers compensated their lease to the landlord as portions of their crop yield; this gave room for exploitation by the landlordsâ⬠(Roumasset and James 640). Sharecropping, along with tenant farming, was a dominant form in the cotton and especially in the South from the period between 1870s to the 1950s, among both whites and blacks, but it is largely disappearing since 1966 when Civil Rights and the Workers Union abolished Peonage (Forced Labor). The word, charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-77746201417290843412020-02-12T07:22:00.001-08:002020-02-12T07:22:02.695-08:00Reality Tv Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsReality Tv - Research Paper Example Media plays a great role in keeping the society updated on current issues and entertainment among other benefits to the society, but it can turn to be disastrous when ethical issues are not well considered. Media could promote pornography, propaganda and false/doctored information, which promote culture rot and immorality among other negative societal traits (Kieran, 39). Ethics applies in different areas in the media industry, and each country has established ethical guidelines to guide each media personality depending on the type of interaction he/she have with the audience. Media personalities in their profession must understand the prevailing ethical and legal guidelines in the industry. They act as the eye or mind openers of the society. They are required to inform the society on the current occurrences or happenings in the economical, political, entertainment, religion, Educational, governance and health among other societal issues. The majority of the media personalities are t he role models or mentors to several individuals, more so the teenagers, who are likely to take over media personalitiesââ¬â¢ dress style, walk style and language among other issues. It would be better if the media personalities consider some ethics in the career to mentor or encourage development of responsible and respective society members. It is worth mentioning that media is among the most complex careers, due to the nature of interaction it has with the public. Everyone is always watching eager to learn the current happenings, any slightest mistake or misconduct may compromise their respect and relationship with the public. News manipulation forms one of the ethical issues in the media industry. It is the omission or alterations of some elements in the news in favors of certain individuals or community. This is common with politics where some political aspirants or leaders may use his/her power or office to influence whatever is being conveyed to the public. Some media comp anies may also manipulate media content on some bribes or tokens by the wealthy and influential political class. Although there is no specific law describing certain consequences to such act, but a company may lose the public trust. Some external stakeholders like advertising companies or agencies may cut their links and deals with such media company. Social researchers more so in developing nations indicate that major civil and international wars have been caused by the manipulation or doctoring of the actual facts. The audience or viewers will have no time to evaluate the news or any other media content but take to the streets and cause havoc. Manipulating the news is more about telling lies to the public and this is demoralizing. Some of the modern media companies do not observe certain international media ethical standards. The advancement of technology implies some life changes like dress code, entertainment as well as relationships among other aspects of human life. Media pers onalities hardly consider their career ethics so long as their audience is entertained or contented. Modern ladies in the media companies wear short and sex appealing uncomfortable dresses to keep the male audience attracted. This may be appealing to the younger generation unlike older adults who appreciate good morals. Media personalit charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-39585332976993599672020-01-31T18:00:00.001-08:002020-01-31T18:00:03.889-08:00Valero Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsValero Energy - Essay Example 4. Critically discuss whether Valero Energy has diversified its products and services. Provide 3 recommendations with a timeframe included of how Valero Energy can create better value through diversification of its corporate-level strategy. 5. Critically discuss whether Valero Energy has created and sustained a competitive advantage through its business-level strategy. Provide 3 examples of different environmental influencers that have affected its business-level strategy. [1] Valero is a refiner of oil feedstock. It buys oil from companies that extract them from the ground and Valero turns the stuff into clean fuel and other products like plastics, asphalt, aromatics, etc. that it sells to other companies. Valeroââ¬â¢s entrepreneurial philosophy is closer to that of a small family business where all who work for it feel that they have a stake in the success and profitability of the company. In a June 2006 interview with HR Magazine, Valeroââ¬â¢s first CEO (who retired in 2005) admitted that the concern of management is basically how to take care of its people so that they improve their operations, increase refining capacity and yield, and help run the company better. Profits usually follow because the people are happy working for the company. Since 1980, the company has taken care of its people ââ¬â it has not laid off a single employee in the last twenty-nine years ââ¬â and so has the luxury of getting the best among those who apply for jobs there, rewarding them for their contributions to the company. Process and product innovations at Valero are managed by sharing the R&D expertise of researchers for its four fuel (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and renewables) and eight specialty (aromatics, asphalt, propane, sulfur, base and process oils, petroleum coke, solvents and natural gas liquids) products following the basic guidelines of being environment-friendly, charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-59885875941442016522020-01-23T14:24:00.001-08:002020-01-23T14:24:03.896-08:00The Puzzling Message of Figure in the Carpet :: Figure in the Carpet Essays The Puzzling Message of Figure in the Carpet At the beginning of "The Figure in the Carpet", the main character considers the criticism of literature to be a career, something he does for money. "I had done a few things and earned a few pence" (p. 357), declares the narrator in the opening line. He says later in the paragraph that having an advanced copy of a prominent novel to review was desirable because it would advance his career: "Öand whatever much or little it should do for his reputation I was clear on the spot as to what it should do for mine." (p. 357) The character sees Vereker's work as a vehicle to advance his career. There seems to be little excitement as to the content of Vereker's work, the reader is never given even so much as the subject matter of a Vereker novel. Instead, all of the focus of the opening scenes is directed towards the narrator's struggle to become a renowned critic. Henry James is contrasting the practice of literary criticism with the ideal of what literary criticism should be. Even the characters that seem to be in the purest pursuit of Vereker's great secret, Corvick and Gwendolen, will not share it with their friends. When they discover it, they all want to publish it for themselves. Vereker himself seems to hold the literary critics in the book in contempt, citing their lack of vision. Vereker speaks to the narrator at several points in the novel, "You miss it, my dear fellow, with inimitable assurance; the fact that your being awfully clever and your article's being very awfully nice doesn't make a hairs breadth of difference." (p.365) The work of a literary critic in Vereker's eyes is to find the figure in the carpet. Which is to say that what a literary critic and readers of literature should do is to look for a deeper meaning or context in works of literature. Vereker is upset because the critics fail to grasp the deeper meaning in his works. James himself must have been quite upset at the critics of his day. Influential critics can make or break a writer. More than anyone else, critics can sway how people perceive the work of an author. As James illustrates in the story, critics are not to be trusted as authority. charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-7073545382339163072020-01-15T10:48:00.001-08:002020-01-15T10:48:03.148-08:00Effects of Agriculture EssayBecause it was tremendously essential for survival, had a monumental impact immediately on society and continues to affect us even to this day, agriculture was the most influential development of the early civilizations. The people of the first civilizations needed agriculture because it was an easy, more efficient way of obtaining food. The early peoples had to hunt and gather their food, and, ââ¬Å"Hunting depended on the careful observation of behavioral patternsâ⬠(Duiker, W. J. & Spielvogel, J. J. 2001). It must have been challenging to always be moving and searching, just so they could find food that day. However, deciding to stop and grow food, in one reachable convenient location, would have solved the issue of having to go through all the extra steps of hunting down animals. After a long time of humans living successfully in the Old Stone Age, and ice age occurred cause a devastating drought, which killed off most of the vegetation. ââ¬Å"All living things started clustering around sources such as lakes and riverâ⬠(Howe, H. , & Howe, R. T. 1992). Because all living things clustered around water sources, there was more competition, human and non-human alike, for the already diminished food supply. Naturally, the people of the early civilizations would need to grow their own food in order to sustain their population. Shortly after farmingââ¬â¢s conception many life-changing discoveries, like trade, were made. ââ¬Å"Some people became artisan, made weapons, and jewelry that were traded with neighborsâ⬠(Duiker, W. J. & Spielvogel, J. J. 2001). When people started to farm they began producing more food then they need. These food surpluses allowed people to do other things with their time such as, make weapons and jewelry that could in turn be traded for other peopleââ¬â¢s goods. The change to farming also immediately affected the relationships between men and women. ââ¬Å"Men assumed the primary responsibility for working in the fields and herding animals, jobs that kept them away from the home. Women remained behind caring for the children and weaving cloth, making cheese from milk, and jobs that required considerable labor in one placeâ⬠(Duiker, W. J. & Spielvogel, J. J. 2001). The men had to go work in the fields because planting, growing and harvesting crops required long hours of great physical labor that the women couldnââ¬â¢t take. Also the work in the fields was seen as more important, and so men assumed a more dominant role in society. Not only did agriculture immediately change society, but the changes it created are still evident today. Trade is done in the almost same way and for the same reasons as in ancient times. People still make goods and perform services in exchange for something else. However, rather than exchanging work for another good or service, people today use the cash system. In the cash system people provide labor so they get money in return. The money they earn can then be used to by various products or services. The relationship between men and women established because of agriculture is prevalent today as well. Not only do men still have a more dominant role in society but they still do more difficult and important work. The standard of men working while the women stay home and care for the house is still typical for families today. If the women do work though, they almost never have physically demanding jobs with long, hard hours like being a construction worker or farmer. Also not only are the vast majority of politicians, C. E. O. s, business owners, and other powerful workers men, but men also more often than not get paid higher than women. Truly, because of the fact the early people needed a more steady food source, it almost instantaneously changed humankind, and it evidently still affects the world today, agriculture was the most significant advancement of the early peoples. Bibliography Duiker, W. J. & Spielvogel, J. J. , (2001) Third Edition World History Comprehensive Volume. assBelmont, CA: Thomson Learning, Inc. Howe, H. , & Howe, R. T. , (1992) A World History. White Plains, NY: Longman charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-8136537087454106242020-01-07T07:11:00.001-08:002020-01-07T07:11:03.060-08:00Tata Corus Case - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1862 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Abstract: |On January 31, 2007, Tata Steel Limited (Tata Steel), one of the |[pic][pic][pic] | |leading steel producers in India, acquired the Anglo Dutch steel | | |producer Corus Group Plc (Corus) for US$ 12. 11 billion (â⠬ 8. 5 | | |billion). The process of acquisition concluded only after nine | | |rounds of bidding against the other bidder for Corus the Brazil | | |based Companhia Siderurgica Nacional (CSN). | | | | | |This acquisition was the biggest overseas acquisition by an Indian| | |company. Tata Steel emerged as the fifth largest steel producer in| | |the world after the acquisition. The acquisition gave Tata Steel | | |access to Corus strong distribution network in Europe. | | Corus expertise in making the grades of steel used in automobiles and in aerospace could be used to boost Tata Steels supplies to the Indian automobile market. Corus in turn was expected to benefit from Tata Steels expertise in low cost manufacturing of steel. However, some f inancial experts claimed that the price paid by Tata Steel (608 pence per share of Corus) for the acquisition was too high. Corus had been facing tough times and had reported a substantial decline in profit after tax in the year 2006. Analysts asked whether the deal would really bring any substantial benefits to Tata Steel. Moreover, since the acquisition was done through an all cash deal, analysts said that the acquisition would be a financial burden for Tata Steel. Issues: à » Gain an in-depth knowledge about various corporate valuation techniques. Critically examine the rationale behind the acquisition of Corus by Tata Steel. à » Understand the advantages and disadvantages of cross-border acquisitions. à » Understand the need for growth through acquisitions in foreign countries. à » Study the regulations governing mergers acquisitions in the case of a cross-border acquisition. à » Get insights into the consolidation trends in the Indian and global steel industries. Contents : |à |Page No. |Introduction |1 | |Background Note |2 | |Tata Steel Vs CSN: The Bidding War |4 | |Financing the Acquisition |5 | |The Integration Efforts |7 | |The Synergies |8 | |The Pitfalls |9 | |The Road Ahead |10 | |Exhibits | | The financials for this deal [require] high performance levels, perfect post-deal execution and sustained high steel prices. It is a risky game and will be okay for Tata as long as the economy is growing and no major bumps occur. If [these bumps] do occur, they can become a challenge, and I am reminded of the high leverage days of the mid-1980s. 1 Vivek Gupta, Managing Director, AT Kearney (India), in February 2007. Indian steel companies are on a consolidation mode. The Tata-Corus deal has set many records. So far, the only $1 billion-plus deal was done by ONGC, and its the first milestone for India Inc, with the Tata deal crossing $10 billion mark. Its a landmark deal since an Indian company has taken over an international company three times i ts size. 2 S. Mukherji, Managing Director, ICICI Securities, in February 2007. Introduction |On January 31, 2007, India based Tata Steel Limited (Tata Steel) |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | |acquired the Anglo Dutch steel company, Corus Group Plc (Corus) | | |for US$ 13. 0 billion3. The merged entity, Tata-Corus, employed | | |84,000 people across 45 countries in the world. It had the | | |capacity to produce 27 million tons of steel per annum, making it | | |the fifth largest steel producer in the world as of early 2007 | | |(Refer Exhibit I for the top ten players in the steel industry | | |after the merger). Commenting on the acquisition, Ratan Tata, | | |Chairman, Tata Sons, said, Together, we are a well balanced | | |company, strategically well placed to compete at the leading edge | | |of a rapidly changing global steel industry. 4 | | Tata Steel outbid the Brazilian steelmaker Companhia Siderurgica Nacionals (CSN) final offer of 603 pence per share by offering 608 penc e per share to acquire Corus. |[pic][pic][pic] |Tata Steel had first offered to pay 455 pence per share of Corus, | | |to close the deal at US$ 7. 6 billion on October 17, 2006. CSN then| | |offered 475 pence per share of Corus on November 17, 2006. | | | | | |Finally, an auction5 was initiated on January 31, 2007, and after | | |nine rounds of bidding, Steel could finally clinch the deal with | | |its final bid 608 pence per share, almost 34% higher than the | | |first bid of 455 pence per share of Corus. | | | | |Many analysts and industry experts felt that the acquisition deal | | |was rather expensive for Tata Steel and this move would overvalue | | |the steel industry world over. | Tata Steels Acquisition of Corus Next Page [pic] Top of Form |[pic] |[pic]Enter your search terms [pic]Submit search form [pic] | |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | Bottom of Form [pic] [pic] | | | |[pic] | |Marketing Financial Products |Case Studies in Finance Vol II I | |Textbooks Collection |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |Case Study Volumes Collection | 1] Did Tata Steel Overheat in its Zeal to Win Corus? [emailprotected], February 08, 2007. ] Tata Win Booster for Corporate Indias Confidence, The Economic Times, February 01, 2007. 3] As on January 31, 2007, 1 US Dollar = 44. 18 INR and 1 Pound = 86. 73 INR. 4] Tata Steel Completes Acquisition of European Steelmaker Corus, International Herald Tribune, April 03, 2007. 5] Since Tata Steel and CSN could not declare their final offer by January 31, 2007, an auction had to be initiated by The Takeover Panel which oversees mergers and acquisitions in the UK. Introduction Contd |Commenting on the deal, Sajjan Jindal, Managing Director, Jindal |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | |South West Steel said, The price paid is expensive ll steel | | |companies may get re-rated now but its a good deal for the | | |industry. 6 Despite the worries of the deal being expensive for | | |Tata Steel, industry experts were opt imistic that the deal would | | |enhance Indias position in the global steel industry with the | | |worlds largest7 and fifth largest steel producers having roots in| | |the country. Stressing on the synergies that could arise from this| | |acquisition, Phanish Puram, Professor of Strategic and | | |International Management, London Business School said, The | | |Tata-Corus deal is different because it links low-cost Indian | | |production and raw materials and growth markets to high-margin | | |markets and high technology in the West. | | The cost advantage of operating from India can be leveraged in Western markets, and differentiation based on better technology from Corus can work in the Asian markets. 8 |[pic][pic][pic] |Background Note | | |Tata Steel | | | | | |Tata Steel is a part of the Tata Group, one of the largest | | |diversified business conglomerates in India. Tata Group companies | | |generated revenues of Rs. 967,229 million in the financial year | | |2005-06. | | | | |The groups market capitalization was US$ 63 billion as of July | | |2007 (only 28 of the 96 Tata Group companies were publicly | | |listed). In 1907, Jamshedji Tata established Tata Steel at Sakchi | | |in West Bengal. The site had a good supply of iron ore and | | |water | Excerpts Tata Steel Vs CSN: The Bidding War There was a heavy speculation surrounding Tata Steels proposed takeover of Corus ever since Ratan Tata had met Leng in Dubai, in July 2006. On October 17, 2006, Tata Steel made an offer of 455 pence a share in cash valuing the acquisition deal at US$ 7. 6 billion. Corus responded positively to the offer on October 20, 2006. Agreeing to the takeover, Leng said, This combination with Tata, |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | |for Corus shareholders and employees alike, represents the right | | |partner at the right time at the right price and on the right | | |terms. In the first week of November 2006, there were reports in | | |media that Tata was joining hands with Corus to acquire the | | |Brazilian steel giant CSN which was itself keen on acquiring | | |Corus. On November 17, 2006, CSN formally entered the foray for | | |acquiring Corus with a bid of 475 pence per share. In the light of| | |CSNs offer, Corus announced that it would defer its extraordinary| | |meeting of shareholders to December 20, 2006 from December 04, | | |2006, in order to allow counter offers from Tata Steel and CSN | | Financing the Acquisition By the first week of April 2007, the final draft of the financing structure of the acquisition was worked out and was presented to the Corus Pension Trusties and the Works Council by the senior management of Tata Steel. The enterprise value of Corus including debt and other costs was estimated at US$ 13. 7 billion (Refer Table I for fund raising mix for the Corus acquisition) [pic][pic][pic] |The Integration Efforts | | |Industry experts felt that Tata Steel should adopt a light handed| | |integrationapproach, which meant tha t Ratan Tata should bring in | | |some changes in Corus but not attempt a complete overhaul of | | |Corussystems (Refer Exhibit XI and Exhibit XII for projected | | |financials of Tata-Corus). N Venkiteswaran, Professor, Indian | | |Institute of Management, Ahmedabad said, ââ¬Å"If the target company is| | |managed well, there is no need for a heavy-handed integration. It | | |makes sense for the Tatas to allow the existing management to | | |continue as before | The Synergies |Most experts were of the opinion that the acquisition did make |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | |strategic sense for Tata Steel. After successfully acquiring | |Corus, Tata Steel became the fifth largest producer of steel in | | |the world, up from fifty-sixth position. | | | | | |There were many likely synergies between Tata Steel, the | | |lowest-cost producer of steel in the world, and Corus, a large | | |player with a significant presence in value-added steel segment | | |and a strong distribution ne twork in Europe. Among the benefits to| | |Tata Steel was the fact that it would be able to supply | | |semi-finished steel to Corus for finishing at its plants, which | | |were located closer to the high-value markets | | The Pitfalls Though the potential benefits of the Corus deal were widely appreciated, some analysts had doubts about the outcome and effects on Tata Steels performance. They pointed out that Corus EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) at 8 percent was much lower than that of Tata Steel which was at 30 percent in the financial year 2006-07 [pic][pic][pic] |The Road Ahead | | |Before the acquisition, the major market for Tata Steel was India. | | |The Indian market accounted for sixty nine percent of the | | |companys total sales. | | | | | |Almost half of Corus production of steel was sold in Europe | | |(excluding UK). The UK consumed twenty nine percent of its | | |production. | | | | | |After the acquisition, the European ma rket (including UK) would | | |consume 59 percent of the merged entitys total production (Refer | | |Table III for the spread of Tata-Corus markets before and after | | |the acquisition) |Tata Steels Acquisition of Corus |à |Top of Form | |Case Details | |++ Font | Font | |Case Intro 1 | |Bottom of Form | |Case Intro 2 | | | |Excerpts | | | | | |ICMR HOME | Case Studies Collection | | | | | | | |Case Details: | | | | | | | |Case Code : FINC049 | | | |Case Length : 27 Pages | | | |Period : 2006-2007 | | | |Pub. Date : 2008 | | | |Teaching Note : Available | | | |Organization : Tata Steel Limited, Corus Group Plc | | | |Industry : Iron Steel | | | |Countries : India, Netherlands | | | | | | | |To download Tata Steels Acquisition of Corus case study | | | |(Case Code: FINC049) click on the button below, and select | | | |the case from the list of available cases: | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |Price: | | | | | | | |For delivery in electronic format: Rs. 00; | | | |For deliv ery through courier (within India): Rs. 400 + Rs. | | | |25 for Shipping Handling Charges | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |Gadgets powered by Google | | | | | | | |à » Finance Case Studies | | | |à » Short Case Studies | | | |à » View Detailed Pricing Info | | | |à » How To Order This Case | | | |à » Business Case Studies | | | |à » Case Studies by Area | | | |à » Case Studies by Industry | | | |à » Case Studies by Company | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |Top of Form | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic][pic][pic] | | | | | | | |[pic]Web | | | |[pic]icmrindia. rg | | | | | | | |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | | | | | | | |Bottom of Form | | | |[pic][pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |Please note: | | | | | | | |This case study was compiled from published sources, and is| | | |intended to be used as a basis for class discussion. It is | | | |not intended to illustrate either effective or ineffective | | | |handling of a management situation. Nor i s it a primary | | | |information source. | |[pic][pic][pic] | | | | Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tata Corus Case" essay for you Create order charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-50462060960334015452019-12-30T03:37:00.001-08:002019-12-30T03:37:03.294-08:00Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph The word telegraph is derived from Greek and means to write far, which describes exactly what a telegraph does. At the height of its use,à telegraph technology involved a worldwide system of wires with stations and operators and messengers, that carried messages and news by electricity faster than any other invention before it. Pre-Electricity Telegraphy Systems The first crude telegraph system was made without electricity. It was a system of semaphores or tall poles with movable arms, and other signaling apparatus, set within physical sight of one another. There was such a telegraph line between Dover and London at during the Battle of Waterloo; that related the news of the battle, which had come to Dover by ship, to an anxious London, when a fog set in (obscuring the line of sight) and the Londoners had to wait until a courier on horseback arrived. Electrical Telegraph The electrical telegraph is one of Americas gifts to the world. The credità for this invention belongs to Samuel Finley Breese Morse. Other inventors had discovered the principles of the telegraph, but Samuel Morse was the first to understand the practical significance of those facts and was the first to take steps to make a practical invention; which took him 12 long years of work. Early Life ofà Samuel Morse Samuel Morse was born in 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was a Congregational minister and a scholar of high standing, who was able to send his three sons to Yale College. Samuel (or Finley, as he was called by his family) attended Yale at the age of fourteen and was taught by Benjamin Silliman, Professor of Chemistry, and Jeremiah Day, Professor of Natural Philosophy, later President of Yale College, whose teaching gave Samuel the education which in later years led to the invention of the telegraph. Mr. Days lectures are very interesting, the young student wrote home in 1809; they are upon electricity; he has given us some very fine experiments, the whole class taking hold of hands form the circuit of communication and we all receive the shock apparently at the same moment. Samuel Morse the Painter Samuel Morse wasà a giftedà artist; in fact, he earned a part of his college expenses painting miniatures at five dollars apiece. He even decided at first to become an artist rather than an inventor. Fellow student Joseph M. Dulles of Philadelphia wrote the following about Samuel, Finley [Samuel Morse] bore the expression of gentleness entirely... with intelligence, high culture, and general information, and with a strong bent to the fine arts. Soon after graduating from Yale, Samuel Morse made the acquaintance of Washington Allston, an American artist. Allston was then living in Boston but was planning to return to England, he arranged for Morse to accompany him as his pupil. In 1811, Samuel Morse went to England with Allston and returned to America four years later an accredited portrait painter, having studied not only under Allston but under the famous master, Benjamin West. He opened a studio in Boston, taking commissions for portraits Marriage Samuel Morse married Lucretia Walker in 1818. His reputation as a painter increased steadily, and in 1825 he was in Washington painting a portrait of the Marquis La Fayette, for the city of New York, when he heard from his father the bitter news of his wifes death. Leaving the portrait of La Fayette unfinished, the heartbroken artist made his way home. Artist or Inventor? Two years after his wifes death, Samuel Morse was again obsessed with the marvels of electricity, as he had been in college, after attending a series of lectures on that subject given by James Freeman Dana at Columbia College. The two men became friends. Dana visited Morses studio often, where the two men would talk for hours. However, Samuel Morse was still devoted to his art, he had himself and three children to support, and painting was his only source of income. In 1829, he returned to Europe to study art for three years. Then came the turning point in the life of Samuel Morse. In the autumn of 1832, while traveling home by ship, Samuel Morse joined a conversation with a few scientists scientific men who were on board. One of the passengers asked this question: Is the velocity of electricity reduced by the length of its conducting wire? One of the men replied that electricity passes instantly over any known length of wire and referred to Franklins experiments with several miles of wire, in which no appreciable time elapsed between a touch at one end and a spark at the other. This was the seed of knowledge that led the mind of Samuel Morse to invent the telegraph. In November of 1832, Samuel Morse found himself on the horns of a dilemma. To give up his profession as an artist meant that he would have no income; on the other hand, how could he continue wholeheartedly painting pictures while consumed with the idea of the telegraph? He would have to go on painting and develop his telegraph in what time he could spare. His brothers, Richard and Sidney, were both living in New York and they did what they could for him, giving him a room in a building they had erected at Nassau and Beekman Streets. Samuel Morses Poverty How very poor Samuel Morse was at this time is indicated by a story told by General Strother of Virginia who hired Morse to teach him how to paint: I paid the money [tuition], and we dined together. It was a modest meal, but good, and after he [Morse] had finished, he said, This is my first meal for twenty-four hours. Strother, dont be an artist. It means beggary. Your life depends upon people who know nothing of your art and care nothing for you. A house dog lives better, and the very sensitiveness that stimulates an artist to work keeps him alive to suffering. In 1835, Samuel Morse received an appointment to the teaching staff ofà New York Universityà and moved his workshop to a room in the University building in Washington Square. There, he lived through the year 1836, probably the darkest and longest year of his life, giving lessons to pupils in the art of painting while his mind was in the throes of the great invention. The Birth of the Recording Telegraph In that year [1836] Samuel Morse took into his confidence one of his colleagues in the University, Leonard Gale, who assisted Morse in improving the telegraph apparatus. Morse had formulated the rudiments of the telegraphic alphabet, orà Morse Code, as it is known today. He was ready to test his invention. Yes, that room of the University was the birthplace of the Recording Telegraph, said Samuel Morse years later. On September 2, 1837, a successful experiment was made with seventeen hundred feet of copper wire coiled around the room, in the presence of Alfred Vail, a student, whose family owned the Speedwell Iron Works, at Morristown, New Jersey, and who at once took an interest in the invention and persuaded his father, Judge Stephen Vail, to advance money for experiments. Samuel Morse filed a petition for a patent in October and formed a partnership with Leonard Gale, as well as Alfred Vail. Experiments continued at the Vail shops, with all the partners working day and night. The prototype was publicly demonstrated at the University, visitors were requested to write dispatches, and the words were sent around a three-mile coil of wire and read at the other end of the room. Samuel Morse Petitions Washington to Build Telegraph Line In February 1838, Samuel Morse set out for Washington with his apparatus, stopping at Philadelphia on the invitation of the Franklin Institute to give a demonstration. In Washington, he presented to Congress a petition, asking for a money appropriation to enable him to build an experimental telegraph line. Samuel Morse Applies for European Patents Samuel Morse then returned to New York to prepare to go abroad, as it was necessary for his rights that his invention was patented in European countries before publication in the United States. However, the British Attorney-General refused him a patent on the grounds that American newspapers had published his invention, making it public property. He did receive a Frenchà patent. Introduction to the Art of Photography One interesting result of Samuel Morses 1838 trip to Europe was something not related to the telegraph at all. In Paris, Morse metà Daguerre, the celebrated Frenchman who had discovered a process of making pictures by sunlight, and Daguerre had given Samuel Morse the secret. This led to the first pictures taken by sunlight in the United States and to the first photographs of the human face taken anywhere. Daguerre had never attempted to photograph living objects and did not think it could be done, as aà rigidity of position was required for a long exposure. Samuel Morse, however, and his associate, John W. Draper, were very soon taking portraits successfully. Building of the First Telegraph Line In December 1842, Samuel Morse traveled to Washington for another appeal toà Congress. At last, on February 23, 1843, a bill appropriating thirty thousand dollars to lay the wires between Washington and Baltimore passed the House by a majority of six. Trembling with anxiety, Samuel Morse sat in the gallery ofà the Houseà while the vote was taken and that night Samuel Morse wrote, The long agony is over. But the agony was not over. The bill had yet to passà the Senate. The last day of the expiring session of Congress arrived on March 3, 1843, and the Senate had not yet passed the bill. In the gallery of the Senate, Samuel Morse had sat all the last day and evening of the session. At midnight the session would close. Assured by his friends that there was no possibility of the bill being reached, he left the Capitol and retired to his room at the hotel, broken-hearted. As he ate breakfast the next morning, a young lady with a smile, exclaimed, I have come to congratulate you! For what, my dear friend? asked Morse, of the young lady, who was Miss Annie G. Ellsworth, daughter of his friend the Commissioner of Patents. On the passage of your bill. Morse assured her it was not possible, as he remained in the Senate-Chamber until nearly midnight. She then informed him that her father was present until the close, and, in the last moments of the session, the bill was passed without debate or revision. Professor Samuel Morse was overcome by the intelligence, so joyful and unexpected, and gave at the moment to his young friend, the bearer of these good tidings, the promise that she should send the first message over the first line of the telegraph that was opened. Samuel Morse and his partners then proceeded to the construction of the forty-mile line of wire between Baltimore and Washington. Ezra Cornell, (founder ofà Cornell University) had invented a machine to lay pipe underground to contain the wires and he was employed to carry out the work of construction. The work was commenced at Baltimore and was continued until the experiment proved that the underground method would not do, and it was decided to string the wires on poles. Much time had been lost, but once the system of poles was adopted the work progressed rapidly, and by May 1844, the line was completed. On the twenty-fourth of that month, Samuel Morse sat before his instrument in the room of the Supreme Court at Washington. His friend Miss Ellsworth handed him the message which she had chosen: WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! Morse flashed it to Vail forty miles away in Baltimore, and Vail instantly flashed back the same momentous words, WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! The profits from the invention were divided into sixteen shares (the partnership having been formed in 1838) of which: Samuel Morse held 9, Francis O. J. Smith 4, Alfred Vail 2, Leonard D. Gale 2. First Commercial Telegraph Line In 1844, the first commercial telegraph line was open for business. Two days later, the Democratic National Convention met in Baltimore to nominate a President and Vice-President. The leaders of the Convention wanted to nominate New York Senator Silas Wright, who was away in Washington, as running mate toà James Polk, but they needed to know if Wright would agree to run as Vice-President. A human messenger was sent to Washington, however, a telegraph was also sent to Wright. The telegraph messaged the offer to Wright, who telegraphed back to the Convention his refusal to run. The delegates did not believe the telegraph until the human messenger returned the next day and confirmed the telegraphs message. Improved Telegraph Mechanism and Code Ezra Cornell built more telegraph lines across the United States, connecting city with city, and Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail improved the hardware and perfected the code. Inventor, Samuel Morse lived to see his telegraph span the continent, and link communications between Europe and North America. Replacing the Pony Express By 1859, both the railroad and the telegraph had reached the town of St. Joseph, Missouri. Two thousand miles further east and still unconnected was California. The only transportation to California was by stage-coach, a sixty-day journey. To establish quicker communication with California, the Pony Express mail route was organized. Solo riders on horseback could cover the distance in ten or twelve days. Relay stations for the horses and men were set up at points along the way, and a mailman rode off from St. Joseph every twenty-four hours after the arrival of the train (and mail) from the East. For a time the Pony Express did its work and did it well. President Lincolns first inaugural speech was carried to California by the Pony Express. By 1869, the Pony Express was replaced by the telegraph, which now had lines all the way to San Francisco and seven years later the firstà transcontinental railroadà was completed. Four years after that, Cyrus Field andà Peter Cooperà laid theà Atlantic Cable. The Morse telegraph machine could now send messages across the sea, as well as from New York to the Golden Gate. charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-22962239380709598222019-12-21T23:24:00.001-08:002019-12-21T23:24:04.294-08:00Family Genogram - 1258 Words PSYC 2103 Genogram Project A genogram is a type of family tree, but with more detailed information. It is often used as a diagnostic and assessment tool by physicians or counselors to obtain individual and family history in order to help in the establishment of a diagnosis and treatment plan. This semester, you will have the opportunity to construct a family genogram for informational purposes. You will develop a genogram, documenting information from both sides of your family (maternal and paternal) for 4 generations starting with yourself. The genogram may be hand drawn or you may use a computer drawn one. (You can download a basic program from www.genopro.com/free or from http://www.progenygenetics.com/students/ ) Yourâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Religious affiliation Education level (designate on key what level of education you are showing. For example high school education, PhD, etc.) Occupations (patterns of occupations, not just listing every occupation you can find. For example: teachers, truck drivers, farmers, etc.) Medical problems (heart problems, diabetes, etc.) Mental health problems (depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, etc.) History of suicide or attemptsShow MoreRelatedFamily Genogram Essay2349 Words à |à 10 PagesThe objective of doing the genogram is to get to know the patient by gaining understanding of his/her family background. 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On both sides of the chart, one sees ââ¬Ëhostileââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëneutralââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëdistantââ¬â¢, and ââ¬Ëcloseââ¬â¢ relationships with the Beeland side having one ââ¬Ëvery closeââ¬â¢ relationship. There are also emotional and power triangles present. One can also view cross-generational patterns specifically dea ling with hostile relationships, which causes an influence on the relationships that I have. My parents are Bryant Beeland and Carol White Beeland. For the lastRead MoreFamily Genogram Project Essay examples3555 Words à |à 15 PagesNarrative Family Counseling Approach Research Paper Keltic University Abstract Narrative therapy is a social constructive philosophical approach to psychotherapy that has been developed to help clients deconstruct their negative and self-defeating life stories while rebuilding healthy and positive life stories through the use of various techniques. This paper will discuss the leading figures, some concepts and techniques, ethics, some similarities and dissimilarities of other theories comparedRead MoreGenogram Narrative Family Systems1769 Words à |à 8 Pages Genogram Written Narrative HSC 6323/Family Systems June 15, 2011 Professor Michael Hardin Lubbock Christian University Genograms are an excellent way to show the multigenerational family as a whole. When looking at a genogram, it is easier to see various pieces of information that exist within the family system. When creating a genogram, it is necessary to obtain a great deal of information to allow for accuracy as well as proficiency within the genogram. OverallRead MoreGraduation Speech : Honors And Integrity Statement1555 Words à |à 7 Pages BLOOD SPEAKS ITSELF A Genogram Paper Honors and Integrity Statement I certify that this Genogram Paper is my own written work and that I have not copied from any other student, text or source in a manner that would violate the rules of plagiarism outlined by Nursing 7 and San Joaquin Delta College. I realize that a violation of the rules of plagiarism will result in a course failure and possible dismissal from the college. charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-74411335901194974782019-12-13T19:53:00.001-08:002019-12-13T19:53:03.073-08:00Part Five Chapter IX Free Essays IX The journey took Krystal back to her childhood. She had made this trip daily to St Thomasââ¬â¢s, all on her own, on the bus. She knew when the abbey would come into sight, and she pointed it out to Robbie. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Five Chapter IX or any similar topic only for you Order Now ââ¬ËSee the big ruinââ¬â¢ castle?ââ¬â¢ Robbie was hungry, but slightly distracted by the excitement of being on a bus. Krystal held his hand tightly. She had promised him food when they got off at the other end, but she did not know where she would get it. Perhaps she could borrow money from Fats for a bag of crisps, not to mention the return bus fare. ââ¬ËI wenââ¬â¢ ter school ââ¬Ëere,ââ¬â¢ she told Robbie, while he wiped his fingers on the dirty windows, making abstract patterns. ââ¬ËAnââ¬â¢ youââ¬â¢ll go to school ââ¬Ëere too.ââ¬â¢ When they rehoused her, because of her pregnancy, they were almost certain to give her another Fields house; nobody wanted to buy them, they were so run down. But Krystal saw this as a good thing, because in spite of their dilapidation it would put Robbie and the baby in the catchment area for St Thomasââ¬â¢s. Anyway, Fatsââ¬â¢ parents would almost certainly give her enough money for a washing machine once she had their grandchild. They might even get a television. The bus rolled down a slope towards Pagford, and Krystal caught a glimpse of the glittering river, briefly visible before the road sank too low. She had been disappointed, when she joined the rowing team, that they did not train on the Orr, but on the dirty old canal in Yarvil. â⬠Ere we are,ââ¬â¢ Krystal told Robbie, as the bus turned slowly into the flower-decked square. Fats had forgotten that waiting in front of the Black Canon meant standing opposite Mollison and Loweââ¬â¢s and the Copper Kettle. There was more than an hour to go until midday, when the cafe opened on Sundays, but Fats did not know how early Andrew had to arrive for work. He had no desire to see his oldest friend this morning, so he skulked down the side of the pub out of sight, and only emerged when the bus arrived. It pulled away, revealing Krystal and a small dirty-looking boy. Nonplussed, Fats loped towards them. â⬠Eââ¬â¢s my brother,ââ¬â¢ said Krystal aggressively, in response to something she had seen in Fatsââ¬â¢ face. Fats made another mental adjustment to what gritty and authentic life meant. He had been fleetingly taken with the idea of knocking Krystal up (and showing Cubby what real men were able to achieve casually, without effort) but this little boy clinging to his sisterââ¬â¢s hand and leg disconcerted him. Fats wished that he had not agreed to meet her. She was making him ridiculous. He would rather have gone back to that stinking, squalid house of hers, now that he saw her in the Square. â⬠Ave yeh got any money?ââ¬â¢ Krystal demanded. ââ¬ËWhat?ââ¬â¢ said Fats. His wits were slow with tiredness. He could not remember now why he had wanted to sit up all night; his tongue was throbbing with all the cigarettes he had smoked. ââ¬ËMoney,ââ¬â¢ repeated Krystal. ââ¬ËEââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëungry anââ¬â¢ Iââ¬â¢ve lost a fiver. Pay yeh back.ââ¬â¢ Fats stuck a hand in his jeans pocket and touched a crumpled bank note. Somehow he did not want to look too flush in front of Krystal, so he ferreted deeper for change, and finally came up with a small amount of silver and coppers. They went to the tiny newsagentââ¬â¢s two streets from the Square, and Fats hung around outside while Krystal bought Robbie crisps and a packet of Rolos. None of them said a word, not even Robbie, who seemed fearful of Fats. At last, when Krystal had handed her brother the crisps, she said to Fats, ââ¬ËWhereââ¬â¢ll we go?ââ¬â¢ Surely, he thought, she could not mean that they were going to shag. Not with the boy there. He had had some idea of taking her to the Cubby Hole: it was private, and it would be a final desecration of his and Andrewââ¬â¢s friendship; he owed nothing to anyone, any more. But he baulked at the idea of fucking in front of a three-year-old. â⬠Eââ¬â¢ll be all right,ââ¬â¢ said Krystal. â⬠Eââ¬â¢s got chocolates now. No, later,ââ¬â¢ she said to Robbie, who was whining for the Rolos still in her hand. ââ¬ËWhen youââ¬â¢ve ââ¬Ëad the crisps.ââ¬â¢ They walked off down the road in the direction of the old stone bridge. â⬠Eââ¬â¢ll be all right,ââ¬â¢ Krystal repeated. â⬠E does as ââ¬Ëeââ¬â¢s told. Dontcha?ââ¬â¢ she said loudly to Robbie. ââ¬ËWanââ¬â¢ chocolates,ââ¬â¢ he said. ââ¬ËYeah, in a minute.ââ¬â¢ She could tell that Fats needed cajoling today. She had known, on the bus, that bringing Robbie, however necessary, would be difficult. ââ¬ËWhatcha bin up ter?ââ¬â¢ she asked. ââ¬ËParty last night,ââ¬â¢ said Fats. ââ¬ËYeah? Who wuz there?ââ¬â¢ He yawned widely, and she had to wait for an answer. ââ¬ËArf Price. Sukhvinder Jawanda. Gaia Bawden.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËDoes she live in Pagford?ââ¬â¢ asked Krystal sharply. ââ¬ËYeah, in Hope Street,ââ¬â¢ said Fats. He knew, because Andrew had let it slip, where she lived. Andrew had never said that he liked her, but Fats had watched him watching Gaia almost constantly in the few classes they shared. He had noticed Andrewââ¬â¢s extreme self-consciousness around her, and whenever she was mentioned. Krystal, though, was thinking about Gaiaââ¬â¢s mother: the only social worker she had ever liked, the only one who had got through to her mother. She lived in Hope Street, the same as Nana Cath. She was probably there right now. What if â⬠¦ But Kay had left them. Mattie was their social worker again. Anyway, you werenââ¬â¢t supposed to bother them at home. Shane Tully had once followed his social worker to her house, and heââ¬â¢d got a restraining order for his pains. But then, Shane had earlier tried to heave a brick through the womanââ¬â¢s car window â⬠¦ And, Krystal reasoned, squinting as the road turned, and the river dazzled her eyes with thousands of blinding white spots of light, Kay was still the keeper of folders, the score-keeper and the judge. She had seemed all right, but none of her solutions would keep Krystal and Robbie together â⬠¦ ââ¬ËWe could go down there,ââ¬â¢ she suggested to Fats, pointing at the overgrown stretch of bank, a little way along from the bridge. ââ¬ËAnââ¬â¢ Robbie could wait up there, on the bench.ââ¬â¢ She would be able to keep an eye on him from there, she thought, and she would make sure he didnââ¬â¢t see anything. Not that it was anything he had not seen before, in the days that Terri brought strangers home â⬠¦ But, exhausted as he was, Fats was revolted. He could not do it in the grass, under the eye of a small boy. ââ¬ËNah,ââ¬â¢ he said, trying to sound offhand. â⬠E wonââ¬â¢ bother,ââ¬â¢ said Krystal. â⬠Eââ¬â¢s got ââ¬Ëis Rolos. ââ¬ËE wonââ¬â¢ even know,ââ¬â¢ she said, although she thought that was a lie. Robbie knew too much. There had been trouble at nursery when heââ¬â¢d mimicked doing it doggy-style on another child. Krystalââ¬â¢s mother, Fats remembered, was a prostitute. He hated the idea of what she was suggesting, but was that not inauthenticity? ââ¬ËWhassamatter?ââ¬â¢ Krystal asked him aggressively. ââ¬ËNothing,ââ¬â¢ he said. Dane Tully would do it. Pikey Pritchard would do it. Cubby, not in a million years. Krystal walked Robbie to the bench. Fats bent to peer over the back of it, down to the overgrown patch of weeds and bushes, and thought that the kid might not see anything, but that he would be as quick as he could, in any case. â⬠Ere yââ¬â¢are,ââ¬â¢ Krystal told Robbie, pulling out the long tube of Rolos while he reached for them excitedly. ââ¬ËYeh can ââ¬Ëave all of ââ¬â¢em if yeh jusââ¬â¢ sit ââ¬Ëere fer a minute, all righââ¬â¢? Yeh jusââ¬â¢ sit ââ¬Ëere, Robbie, anââ¬â¢ Iââ¬â¢ll be in them bushes. Dââ¬â¢yeh understand, Robbie?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËYeah,ââ¬â¢ he said happily, his cheeks already full of chocolate and toffee. Krystal slipped and slid down the bank towards the patch of undergrowth, hoping that Fats was not going to make any difficulties about doing it without a condom. How to cite Part Five Chapter IX, Essay examples charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-73170803500367163272019-12-05T16:13:00.001-08:002019-12-05T16:13:04.494-08:00The study of China phenomenon of Wang Hong - Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss aboutThe study of China phenomenon of Wang Hong. Answer: Introduction One of the driving factors in the industrial and economic growth and changes in the dynamics of the same in the international scenario has been the technological innovations and progress experienced in different areas in the global framework. Over the years, the world has experienced immense progress in terms of technological innovations, which not only affected the industrial and commercial aspects but has influenced the overall way of living of people in all corners of the world. One of the primary innovations, which have widely influenced the lifestyle globally, is of that of internet. Over the years, the usage of internet has expanded significantly, with more people being accustomed to the concept and its applications. Internet is now a significant part of the personal and professional domains of people in general, in all parts of the world. Keeping the aspect of increased influence and usage of internet in peoples everyday life into consideration, the assignment tries to discuss about the recent phenomenon, which have been occurring primarily in countries like China, which is popularly known as the Wang Hong Economy in the contemporary periods. The term Wang Hong Economy, is generally used to refer to the new age digital economy, which is increasingly gaining importance and relevance in the contemporary period. To study the relevance and implications of the same, the following section of the assignment conducts an extensive review of the exiting literatures and scholarly evidences present in this aspect, emphasizing on the economy of China, from where this concept has originated. Wang Hong: Origin and Meaning The term Wang Hong, having its origin in China, broadly refers to the new age internet celebrities who are gaining immense global attention in the contemporary period. As described by Sullivan and Kehoe (2017), in their elaborate work on the evolution and dynamics in the world of celebrities in China, the mode of entertainment for people has undergone immense changes and modifications over the years, with the nature and the magnitude of entertainment changing continuously. In the constant competition of getting more popularity and becoming more famous, people have taken up newer methods of publicizing and advertising oneself. One of the newest of these methods of advertising and reaching out to more people is by the use of the increasing popular platform of social media. With the invention and widespread usage of internet, social media has become a part of the daily lives of people across the world. According to the authors, social media not only remains as a mode of global communica tion, but has also become a medium of exchanging thoughts and ideas, which gave rise to the notion of using the same platform to reach out to more people and to display or convey what they has to show or say. Talking in the line of Sullivan and Kehoe, in his article, Wang (2017), elaborated the concept of Wang Hong. As asserted by the author, Wang Hong in China refers to those celebrities who get popular not by conventional media but though internet and the different social media platforms. These people, well aware of the increasing usage of social media among people of different age and nature, use this platform to showcase their talents, thereby gaining immense popularity, which can be highly attributed to the ease of using internet, its incredible pace and vast reach. This phenomenon is no longer a discrete one as its increasing popularity and economic prospects have been attracting more people to use the same to become popular. Though the author clearly elaborates the meaning and implications of the term Wang Hong, he however does not elaborate on the phenomenon of the rapidly rising Wang Hong Economy in China and the reasons behind the rise of the same in the contemporary Chinese eco nomy. Wang Hong Economy The term Wang Hong Economy, as put forward by Wang (2012) is in its broad sense the newly but rapidly growing digital economy in China, which is coming into existence with the increasing popularity and prospects of the phenomenon of Wang Hong. He, unlike the previous authors, defined Chinese Wang Hong to be those who not only become popular on the social media platforms in China, but also have the abilities to channelize their popularity to real cash earnings for them and their sponsors. As argued by the author the Wang Hong economy or the Internet Celebrity economy not only includes those displaying their talents or ideas in the social media platforms but also the people and stakeholders working in the background. This alternative form of economy is especially popular in China and with more people as well as investors pitching in, the valuation of this economy expected to cross 58 billion Yuan in 2017, which is even higher than the box office revenue of China in 2015. How Wang Hone Economy works in China Xu (2018) has elaborately explained the concept and dynamics of Wang Hong Economy in China in the article published in Target China, where the author describes the working and the demand supply dynamics of the Wang Hong economy with the help of a diagrammatic representation of the same, which is as follows: Figure 1: Dynamics in the Wang Hong Economy (Source: Xu 2018) Taking reference of the above figure, the author argues that the Chinese internet celebrity economy not only consists of celebrities themselves but also a full-fledged business chain behind the celebrity faces. This business chain includes the support teams, the agents, incubators, marketing strategists and those who have the ability to design different product selling methods for different commercial companies taking advantage of the popularity of these celebrities (Shijia 2018). How are internet celebrities different from traditional celebrities? Hua, Leong and Yu (2017), in their scholarly article tries to differentiate between the internet celebrities and the conventional or traditional ones, based on the nature, domain of operations and targeted clienteles these two types of sensations target and their purposes. According to the authors, unlike the non-internet celebrities, the Wang Hong celebrities in China, not only displays their talents but also share their experiences, lifestyles and opinions on different aspects with their viewers quite frequently. They also guide their viewers in terms of food, fashion, lifestyle, travel and others buy suggesting them brands to buy, places to visit and other. The approach of these celebrities being more frequent and less formal, they appear to be more cordial to their viewers than the traditional celebrity, which in turn encourages them to follow their life styles and suggestions. Therefore, in spite of being non-professional, these internet celebrities exert more influence on the v iewers, especially the younger ones, who try to follow them. The advantage of such fan following automatically makes these celebrities a part of the marketing system of various products and services by different companies as argued by Schmidt and Cohen (2013). They sponsor these celebrities to advertise their goods and services in a more cordial and less-apparent manner, thereby making the viewers believe in the credibility of these goods and services as they see that even their favorite celebrities use them too. This informal advertising not only increases the economic benefits of these companies in terms of hugely increased sales but also increases the prosperity of the celebrities as both their earnings as well as the number of viewers increase substantially. Tuten and Solomon (2017), also argues in favor of Cohen, asserting that the internet celebrities even earn economic benefits from the media channels by creating their own blogs or channels, posting videos and increasing the number of viewers and subscribers to their channels. Reasons behind the rise of the Wang Hone Economy in China In the age of digitalism in every aspect of human life, internet celebrities are getting increasing global attention with each passing day. However, the trend is especially prominent in China and the concept of Wang Hong Economy has originated and developed in the country over the years. There are several reasons behind the growth and immense popularity of the recently growing Internet Celebrity Economy in China, which have been put forward by different scholars: a) Technological Advancement- According to Chen, Benbasat and Cenfetelli (2017), one of the primary factors, which have contributed immensely to the origin of the Wang Hong Economy, is the highly developed technological framework in the country which includes the widespread usage of internet also. The number of internet users in China increased to as high as 6.49 billion till 2015, among which 5.57 billion are found to have access to internet through their smart phones which they use for purchasing and socializing purposes. b) Growing Economy- Kim and Ko (2012) puts forward another factor contributing to the rising popularity of the Wang Hong economy in China. According to them, the economy of China is growing consistently and the consumption pattern of the people of the country is also changing, much of which is attributed to the increase in the number of youths in the country. As per the assertions of the authors, the youth gets more intrigues by the videos of these internet celebrities and in a quest to achieve a lifestyle similar to those celebrities, they mould their purchasing patterns in a way, which facilitates the growth of the Wang Hong economy. Online relating perspective of Wang Hong Economy Tao and Jiao (2013) highlights the presence of the aspect of online retailing apart from that of media advertising in the Wang Hong economy. According to the authors, the Wang Hong economy also includes the aspect of e-commerce and online retailing. Taking the example of TaoBao, a customer to customer website, the authors suggest that different internet celebrities advertise their stores which includes fashion, food and lifestyle. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be asserted that the Wang Hong economy has been expanding impressively with time. The technological progress and widespread usage of internet, especially among the youths has contributed immensely to the change in lifestyle and the facilitation of the Wang Hong economy in the country. This gives the opportunity of expanding this new form of economy to other countries also, which in turn keeps the scope of exploration and further study of this economy and its prospect in future across different parts of the world. References Chen, Z., Benbasat, I. and Cenfetelli, R.T., 2017. Grassroots Internet Celebrity Plus Live Streaming Activating IT-Mediated Lifestyle Marketing Services at e-Commerce Websites. Hua, W., Leong, C. and Yu, J., 2017. Exploring User-Created Digital Content Ecosystem: A Study of Chinas Digital Celebrity Industry. Kim, A.J. and Ko, E., 2012. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Schmidt, E. and Cohen, J., 2013.The new digital age: Reshaping the future of people, nations and business. Hachette UK. Shijia, O. (2018).Wanghong economy takes off - Chinadaily.com.cn. [online] Chinadaily.com.cn. Available at: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201712/11/WS5a2dc2aca310eefe3e9a1481.html [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Sullivan, J. and Kehoe, S., 2017. Truth, good and beauty: the politics of celebrity in China.China Quarterly. Tao, S. and Jiao, C., 2013. A Study on the Introduction of Online Retailer-Services Perspective.Management Review,1, p.011. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2017.Social media marketing. Sage. Wang, W.Y., 2012. Whos blocking the Chinese Internet? The rise of cybercultures and the generational conflicts in China. InCybercultures: Cultures in Cyberspace Communities(pp. 145-166). Inter-Disciplinary Press. Wang, Y., 2017." We are famous on the Internet": A study of the Chinese phenomenon of Wanghong(Master's thesis, The University of Bergen). Xu, K. (2018).What is "Internet Celebrity Economy" in China | Target China. [online] Targetchina.com.au. Available at: https://targetchina.com.au/article/internet-celebrity/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-42558370353259734272019-11-28T16:47:00.001-08:002019-11-28T16:47:03.388-08:00On My First Son by Ben Jonson Essay ExampleOn My First Son by Ben Jonson Paper This was frightening, because the Red Cross was the sign put on houses struck by the plague. And after few days he received a letter from his wife telling him that his son Benjamin had died. Johnson writes the poem as if he is talking to his son, and he assumes that the boy can hear or read his read. He calls him the child of his right hand both to suggest the boys worth and also the fact that he would have been the writers successor (the mage comes from the bible, it reflects on the way Jesus is shown as sitting at Gods right hand). The mood of this poem shows the somber and grief but on the other side it also shows a bright side how he loved his son. The atmosphere/tone is reflecting on him talking about his son, how his son was everything and he put his son In place instead of god. Beginning is sad as It shows straight away that he loves her but suggests that something bad has happened -death. A calmer atmosphere pervades n the last four line, where the poet Is in positive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The middle section from line 5 Is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to be philosophical about his grief seeing death as an escape from a troubled world. This poem Is twelve-line long, and It Is written using Iambic pentameter, Johnson arranges the lines using six pairs of rhyming couplets. The middle section from line 5 is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to be philosophical about his grief seeing death as an escape from a troubled world. There Is a lot of heart touching quotes In this poem. We will write a custom essay sample on On My First Son by Ben Jonson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on On My First Son by Ben Jonson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on On My First Son by Ben Jonson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Johnson has used his language effectively, the second line Is really heart-breaking, my seine was too much hope of thee, loved boy. Johnson blames himself for the death of his son; he loved him too much and had high hopes for him. The whole of the second line as If Johnson writes as he Is talking to his son and thou wert lent to me suggest that his son was a gift from heaven. Will man lament the state he should uneven explains paradox, the boy Is going to escape the hardship life and the misery of aging. Rest In soft peace this quote proposes that his son has gone to a better place, euphemism makes death sound comforting. In conclusion On My First Son by Ben Johnson (1572-1637) By Aviva him talking about his son, how his son was everything and he put his son in place instead of god. Beginning is sad as it shows straight away that he loves her but in the last four line, where the poet is in positive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The middle section from line 5 is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to This poem is twelve-line long, and it is written using iambic pentameter, Johnson There is a lot of heart touching quotes in this poem. Johnson has used his language effectively, the second line is really heart-breaking, my seine was too much hope of much and had high hopes for him. The whole of the second line as if Johnson writes as he is talking to his son and thou wert lent to me suggest that his son was a gift from heaven. Will man lament the state he should envied explains paradox, the boy is going to escape the hardship life and the misery of aging. Rest in soft peace this charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-53573279255656885332019-11-25T00:22:00.001-08:002019-11-25T00:22:03.530-08:00Dissimilation and Haplology in PhoneticsDissimilation and Haplology in Phonetics Dissimilation is a general term in phonetics and historical linguisticsà for the process by which two neighboring sounds become less alike. Contrast with assimilation.à According to Patrick Bye, the term dissimilation entered the field [of phonology] in the 19th century from rhetoric, where it had been in use to describe the variation in style required for good public speaking (The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, 2011). Dissimilation and Haphology As discussed below, one type of dissimilation isà haplology- a sound changeà involving the loss of a syllable when itsà next to a phonetically identical (or similar) syllable.à Perhaps the best known example is the reduction ofà Anglalandà in Old English to England in Modern English. Haplology is sometimes calledà syllabic syncope.à (The counterpart ofà haplologyà in writing isà haplography- the accidental omission of a letter that should be repeated, such as mispell for misspell.) The Phonetics of English ElisionLanguage ChangePronunciationSegment and SuprasegmentalSound ChangeWhat Is the Correct Pronunciation of February?Word Boundaries Examples of Dissimilation [An] example of dissimilation is the substandard pronunciation of chimney as chimley, with the second of two nasals changed to an [l]. The ultimate dissimilation is the complete loss of one sound because of its proximity to another similar sound. A frequent example in present-day standard English is the omission of one of two [r] sounds from words like cate(r)pillar, Cante(r)bury, rese(r)voir, terrest(r)ial, southe(r)ner, barbitu(r)ate, gove(r)nor, and su(r)prised.(John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson, 2005) Dissimilation of Liquid Consonants ââ¬â¹Consider [an] example of dissimilation of liquid consonants that took place when the suffix -al attached to some Latin nouns to make adjectives. The regular suffixation process gives us pairs like the following: orbit/orbital, person/personal, culture/cultural, electric/electrical. However, when an /l/ precedes the ending anywhere in the root, the ending is changed from -al to -ar as a result of dissimilation: single/singular, module/modular, luna/lunar. (Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone. Wadsworth, 2010) Assimilation v. Dissimilation ââ¬â¹Assimilation is far more common than dissimilation; assimilation is usually regular, general throughout the language, though sometimes it can be sporadic. Dissimilation is much rarer and is usually not regular (is sporadic), though dissimilation can be regular. Dissimilation often happens at a distance (is non-adjacent) . . .. (Lyle Campbell, Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. MIT Press, 2004) Causes and Effects of Haphology ââ¬â¹We say that assimilation and dissimilation are changes that result in an increase or decrease, respectively, in the degree of phonetic similarity between two segments. It is tempting to think that such changes in the one segment are somehow caused by the phonetics of the other, and for generations that is actually how the matter has usually been presented. . . . But this is a confusion of cause and effect. It is true that the effect of the change is a net increase/decrease of similarity between two segments, but it is begging the question (to say the least) to assume that the degree of similarity is also somehow the cause of the change. The fact is that very little is known of the actual mechanisms of these changes, commonplace as they are. (Andrew L. Sihler, Language History: An Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Haplology Haplologyà . . . is the name given to the change in which a repeated sequence of sounds is simplified to a single occurrence. For example, if the wordà haplologyà were to undergo haplology (were to be haplologized), it would reduce the sequenceà loloà toà lo,à haplologyà à haplogy. Some real examples are: (1) Some varieties of English reduceà libraryà to libry [laibri] andà probablyà to probly [prÃâbli].(2)à pacifismà pacificism (contrast withà mysticismà mysticism, where the repeated sequence is not reduced and does not end up asà mystism).(3) Englishà humblyà wasà humblelyà in Chaucers time, pronounced with three syllables, but has been reduced to two syllables (only oneà l) in modern standard English.à (Lyle Campbell,à Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. MIT Press, 2004) The Haphology Effect Theà haplologyà effect can often be heard in the casualà pronunciationà of each of these words: February, probably, regularly, and similarly.à The wordsà libraryà andà necessary, especially as spoken in Southern England, are often heard by foreigners asà libryà andà nessary. But when they repeat the words as such, they do not sound right, since there should be a lengthenedà rà andà s, respectively, in those words. It shows that foreigners notice the beginning stages ofà haplologyà in those words, when there is as yet no complete haplology. (Yuen Ren Chao,à Language and Symbolic Systems. Cambridge University Press, 1968) charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-68708135658969985622019-11-21T08:34:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:34:08.797-08:00Company fitness program and its benefits.Proposal EssayCompany fitness program and its benefits.Proposal - Essay Example The Company also intends to establish on-site fitness center so that employees could become physically and mentally strong and hence their productivity could be increased (Ichihashi, Muto, and Shibuya, 2007). Therefore, this proposal will highlight the key benefits of on-site fitness center and will also identify the requirements, costs, and time for establishing on-site fitness center. The main objective of on-site fitness center is to reduce health care expenditure of employer. It has been noticed that company spends millions of dollars every year for employeeââ¬â¢s health issues. Moreover, employeeââ¬â¢s absenteeism and turnover rate have also been the serious problem for productivity and profitability of company. It has been estimated that employeeââ¬â¢s health care cost and absenteeism rate would decline. Hence the end-result for the company would be higher productivity and profitability. Many studies have also been conducted to determine the benefits of company fitness programs. ... They are facing stress and other physical problems due to improper diet and lack of physical activities. Today every employee wants to be fit and healthy person not only because of health concerns but also for looking slim and smart. Therefore, company health and fitness programs have now become the necessity of time in order to maintain the balanced and healthy life of employees (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). Many of the organizations have realized this issue and have started health and fitness programs for their employees. These organizations noted that health and fitness programs lead to improve employeesââ¬â¢ performance. They become very active in their jobs and feel happy during their work. The report prepared by the US department of Disease Prevention and Health promotion in 1993 claimed that on-site health fitness programs is the major contribution in improving health of many American employees (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). There are many other organizations which are facing problems regarding increasing health issues of employees. The cost of spending in workerââ¬â¢s health is increasing due to increasing ratio of health problems in employees. In America, more than one third of the total annual medical bill was paid by employers and the average medical premium for single coverage was $3615 a year in 2006 (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). Organizations are also worried for increasing employeeââ¬â¢s absenteeism and turnover ratio due to health related issues in them (Ichihashi, Muto, and Shibuya, 2007). Therefore, the idea of on-site fitness centers will be beneficial for both the employees and the employer. The fitness charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-67427923082500881842019-11-20T12:00:00.001-08:002019-11-20T12:00:07.441-08:00East Asia in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6East Asia in the Modern World - Essay Example Chinese students staged a demonstration in Tiananmen Square protesting the terms of the Versailles Treaty, which confirmed Japanââ¬â¢s claims on Chinese land previously occupied by Germany. The students were imbued with Western ideas of equality; democracy, individual freedom, and the Wilsonian claim that all nations have the right to self-determination. Similarly, the young Koreans protested the terms of the Versailles Treaty and demanded freedom from Japanese colonization. It is clear that Versailles treaty was a major trigger of both movements. The fact leaders of both movements were taught abroad is quite significant. A major difference between the two movements was how the movements were undertaken. In china, students from Beijing congregated around Tiananmen Square to demonstrate against the Versailles Conference. The students gave out fliers announcing China would reject the surrender of Chinese land to Japan. In Korea, the protestors majorly compromised of students, homemakers, farmers i.e. ordinary people in society, as well as politicians and religious leaders. The protests intent was to petition to the Japanese people, and these protests erupted randomly throughout the entire country.à In conclusion, the trigger for both movements might have been the Versailles Treaty but the goals were different. China wanted to retain its territory while the Koreans wanted withdrawal of Japan from its charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-29047105762341877312019-11-18T06:21:00.001-08:002019-11-18T06:21:03.932-08:00Judicial Review- public law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsJudicial Review- public law - Essay Example In the Prolife case the appellate court considered the extent to which a broadcaster could curtail a PEB or Party Election Broadcast. In that particular case the BBC had conceded that it was a public authority, in a narrow sense for the specific purpose of the appeal in the House of Lords. However, it did not accept this classification in a wider context (R (ProLife Alliance) v BBC , 2004 ). The House of Lords, in their judicial review of this contention, held that the BBC had been justified in refusing to broadcast the election manifesto of an anti ââ¬â abortion party, deeming its manner of presentation to be in bad taste. This decision accorded greater deference to the BBC than to a court, which was subordinate to it (Tugendhat & Christie, 2006). This issue of deference invited a significant amount of disagreement after the enactment of the Human Rights Act. Some authorities have contended that the judiciary should take cognizance of the following, while deferring to the other branches of the government. The degree to which political, economic or social issues are involved; the degree to which courts have the necessary proficiency in the matter under consideration; the nature of the rights and the extent to which these rights are afforded protection by the constitution. The manner, in which the judiciary has set about deference under the Human Rights Act, indicates the extant legal traditions. In addition, it elaborates upon the well established administrative law tenets, which state that the judiciary should abstain from supplanting the decision makerââ¬â¢s judgment with its own ruling. The courts are required to apply, the principle of Wednesbury irrationality, which does not require a repetition of the detailed judicial hearing into the facts of the case. Moreover, this situation is exacerbated by the inadequate constitutional law principles (Reported Decisions of charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2457364113030324937.post-44542067365013769562019-11-15T18:53:00.001-08:002019-11-15T18:53:04.098-08:00Overview of Assessments in Postgraduate Arts DegreeOverview of Assessments in Postgraduate Arts Degree The first semester started with an individual challenge to the Masters students. It consisted of an introspective project where one had to create a self-portrait piece, which could be in any possible platform or support. A self-portrait is a representation of an artist, drawn, painted, photographed, or sculpted by the artist. Although self-portraits have been made by artists since the earliest times, it is not until the Early Renaissance in the mid 1400s that artists can be frequently identified depicting themselves as either the main subject, or as important characters in their work. With better and cheaper mirrors, and the advent of the panel portrait, many painters, sculptors and printmakers tried some form of self-portraiture. (Edward Lucie-Smith, S. K. 1987) For me a portrait should illustrate not only the appearance of its subject, but also details which link to his personality and past experiences. My experiments on portraying myself were based on an indirect reflection of myself, inserting some of my characteristics in my painting or drawing. In this case, I wanted to try a new approach, something quite different. After some doodling and sketching, I opted on using the photographic mosaic technique. This technique consists in a picture divided into rectangular segments, all then replaced with another photograph of an approximated color. When it is looked at from a distance, the individual pixels appear as the primary image, while close examination reveals that the image is, in reality, composed of many smaller images. Trademarked by Runaway Technology, Inc., in 2003 by Robert Silvers, a Masters student at MIT (US Trademark Office. Retrieved 2009-10-13), the technique Because life is made of bits of experiences and an individual is composed of his memories, each pixel of my portrait was to be replaced with photographs of dates, events and people that had marked me. That piece would be inserted in a tridimensional composition, expressing how my past experiences shaped my personality and how it shows on the outside, by my actions and appearance. The composition was influenced by the work of and Julien Vallà ©e. His outstanding, creative and inspiring handmade graphic sculptures and stylish motion graphics are like passage ways to alternative dimensions, parallel worlds. He also has an incredible ability to connect elements in a way that his compositions always become direct means of communication. The tridimensional lettering forms a sentence from Fernando Pessoa, the brilliant Portuguese poet, and its meaning is much more than it appears to be. The phrase is a hymn to the Portuguese people, representing hope and belief in ourselves Because life is made of bits of experiences and an individual is composed of his memories, each pixel of my portrait was to be replaced with photographs of dates, events and people that had marked me. 1st brief Two weeks after my arrival at the UK, still getting used to the new life in Epsom, it was time to start the first semester work. As starter, on the first course meeting, each postgraduate student had to present themselves as well as their portfolio of work. The purpose of those presentations was to help us students to know each other and to, after that, choose the people we wanted to work with. The first project we would have to answer was presented to us and it consisted in, after forming teams within the class, brand ourselves as a team and represent that same team in the form of a website. Each designer or partnership had to create an interactive website design that had a recognizable identity and brand experience; defined a philosophy, rationale and methods of working; which explored through the presentation of work, how the team applied key theoretical, socio/cultural, political or industrial concepts to it; which had background documentation of research that explores a variety of contemporary screen portfolio styles and influences. The website should show the added value of the team, as well as the target companies (who would we want to work with? who would our audience be?) As for the presentation, it should explore and apply clear graphic design and communication tools to communicate the ideas of the team. Every presentation went smoothly and I was mesmerized with the talent, skills and impressive work shown by my colleagues and to choose the ones I wanted to work with was proving to be difficult. I know that in a team we have to combine, not only the skills of its members, but also there has to be a mutual understanding and a good relationship between them. Taking that fact into consideration, I looked to the people I already knew and with whom I had a good connection and between them five appeared to be the most reliable. When the presentations were done, I was asked by the two girls sitting next to me if we could be in the same group, and since they were part of the group of people I wanted to work with, I agreed with it. Later I received some invitations from other groups and people, but it was too late. Who knows if it was the best choice, or how would it had been if Ive chosen to join other group? I dont know, but the group was then made and it was a powerful group made of strong willed people me, Ines Torre; Rudo Tinofieryi; Rashi Puri; Helmut Mertens; Christina Sinn; and Chia Chieh Chih. Afterwards, I was approached by Lisa, who asked to join the team I was in. Since our team had already six elements, we had to first be sure it was acceptable to have an additional member. She then asked our supervisor, Damian Chapman, if there was any problem in her joining our team, and after he said that it was perfectly fine, our team had turned from six into a seven members team. We established a clear time plan and pursued on our first meeting making a first approach to how we would work and which were the personal influences from each team member. Unfortunately, there was some sort of problem with our team. We were notified that the team couldnt continue having seven elements since all team should have a maximum of six members and there was other team Afterdark which had only five members. That brought us into a hard situation, having to choose someone from the team to leave the rest. After a long discussion on the matter, all of us being reluctant in expelling anyone, the group came to the consent that Lisa, for being the last element to join the group, should be the one to leave. This was not an easy decision to be made, but everyone understood it was a necessary measure to be taken and it was decided in a democratic way, so everyone could have a part on it. Having read Marty Neumeiers publications The Designful Company: How to build a culture of nonstop innovation and The Brand Gap, I had the perspective that the power of a name strengthens the meaning of branding while promoting an industry. While taking into consideration the name of a corporation, its needed to keep in mind the significance of branding. To settle on a name is not a mere coincidence, but, on the contrary, is a meticulous process and study of possible names and meaning. Consumers dont actually think about the magnitude of branding, but he needs to understand the brands product or services. The route begins creating a simple name, consumers memorize whats simple, and also making sure your name can be connected with something positive the consumer is attracted to items to which he can relate positive qualities. One more important point is that the name must be unique. If the name is too similar to another companys, then the public is likely to mix the companies in question, which decreases revenue. It is commonly known in the business world that a brands name is of the highest significance for any businesses. Without an attractive and familiar brand name, it doesnt matter if the products or services are good, the income would almost certainly not be that encouraging. A great name would be easily associated with the products or services offered (people would relate excellent cars with Ferrari or Lamborghini, sportswear with Adidas or Nike, soft drinks with Coke or Pepsi the same way as fast food with McDonalds or KFC). The brand name is used interchangeably quite regularly within the term brand, even though it is more appropriately used to particularly stand for linguistic elements of any product. It constitutes then a sort of trademark, if the name entirely categorizes its owner as the commercial font of the products or services. As my research on the subject revealed, relating to brand names, they can appear in many styles: Acronyms (constituted of initials); Descriptive (which illustrates a product utility); Alliteration or rhyme (amusing to say and easy to remember); Evocative (which evoke a real picture); Neologisms (words invented out of nothing); Foreign words (adopted from another language); Founders names (names of real people); Geography (names of regions or landmarks); Personification (brands that take their names from myths or legends). Not sure about what would be the best choice of a name for the team we just formed, on the first meeting I had with my team mates, we started by defining ourselves with just one word. Not sure about what would be the best choice of a name for the team we just formed, on the first meeting I had with my team mates, we started by defining ourselves with just one word. Each of us had, also, to specify our strengths in graphic design. As shown in the scanned mind map on the previous page, each member mentioned their roles in the area of Graphic Design, how they describe themselves and their definition of Graphic Design. The interesting point we got from those notions was that we all complemented each other, and each one had their own and particular value to the team. It was a good start. Knowing each members strengths would make it easier to plan a strategy for our work flow, as well as for each ones roles. To maximize the time and do the best possible with a tight schedule, is always necessary to indicate specific roles for the elements of the team. I see myself as someone determined and hard worker, never afraid of late working hours or to fight for what I believe. My core strengths are the experience in working both in web design and usability, as well as illustration. Basically, I have had worked in the most varied areas of Design (for example, video editing, animation, airbrushing, photography and publication). The core motive that made me join the Masters course of Graphic Design Communication in the University for the Creative Arts in Epsom was the search for training not skills but ideas. Because a good idea is what really matters. As for my team mates: Rashi is experienced in photography, flash animation and both print and typography, she defined herself with the word simplicity; Rudo has an amazing talent for packaging design and brand identity, and describe herself as unique I couldnt agree more, as shes one of most remarkable people Ive ever met; Christina is the force connecting the group an defines herself as creative, she is also strong in print design; Chih is simply crazy by her own words- and she is strong in various areas, including the creative one; finally, the only male member of the group, Helmut, is a realist and the typography specialist. Resuming, we all defined Graphic Design as a tool to support communication and to understand information. As a group it was clear from the beginning that we wanted to represent ourselves as a young, fun and creative team that would approach design without fear. We wanted to create clever and wacky ideas that would translate into interesting design that communicates a message. We wanted to work for clients who are open minded and would give us the freedom to create unique ideas. An example of those companies is Coca Cola or Cadbury. After having presented ourselves to the rest of the team, in a more profound way than earlier before all the class, we started our quest for a name doing a brainstorm on random words and expressions. That brainstorm is illustrated in the mind map seen above. Our method consisted in quickly saying the first thing that came to mind on the instant. We then would search for the origins, context and meaning of each word or phrases. A list was made and every name analyzed. Some of the names we came up with were excluded for being already used by other companies and to select the final one from those left, each member voted on the names they preferred. By the end of the voting, the name chosen was Bring Back the Bacon. I personally voted on this name. It has all that is requested in a good brand name: is fun to say; easy to remember; and has that freshness of being something new. Plus, it means bring home the prize, which is the goal of our projects. One of my key influences for the choice of that name was the personal website of Nessim Higson, iamalwayshungry.com. The name is incredibly fun to say and is just basically a random phrase, but communicates the authors constant hunger for knowledge and new experiences. That was the exact feeling I wanted for the team. The website also inspired me for its interactivity it challenges the user to explore and unveil its contents by telling him to drag his mouse trough the page. Initially we thought of using a food/kitchen based theme, so, the first sketches for the logo were around that theme. While sketching possibilities for a logo, we were also thinking of possible metaphors for the website. The kitchen theme would be an interesting one. Doodling with that idea of kitchen in mind, I thought: why not using a fridge as a metaphor? As a web page, it also has different levels, areas, and those aspects could work with a web interface. With this in mind, I tried to explore the concept, building possible information maps for the distribution of contents on the website. Parallel to this, I started playing with different ideas for the logo. Ultimately I thought about the crazy factor we said we wanted for our team. And whats crazier than the Cookie Monster from Sesame Street? The character was a perfect fit for giving a certain fun aspect to the kitchen based thematic. Developing that idea, I started with some sketches of our own Bring Back the Bacon monster (see previous and next page). The monster was later discarded as the whole concept of a kitchen based metaphor was rejected. The fridge, interface we ultimately chosen for the page, was associated with cold and harsh. It was a flaw from our part to not consider the English public as a primary client: the cold does not please the consumer, because the typical English weather is already too cold. It could work with the use of a oven instead of the fridge, but we also admitted that all that thematic was too clichà ©. So, we started all over again, from the beginning, trying to find the right way to conduct our project. I then created some characters to impersonate the members of the team. With those characters, the website could be developed through a comic strip, telling the story of the team, our beliefs and the way we work. Different styles of characters were tried simplified shapes, as well as manga style illustration (see below and next page). This idea wasnt developed profoundly, as it didnt show the graphic style of the group. We defined ourselves as a group of young designers from around the world and following the motto nothing without fun. Our understanding of Graphic Design is that it has to catch the attention of its viewers, with clever ideas that communicate a message. The comic strip approach wouldnt follow the path we had encrypted in our description. Putting that idea to the side, and going back to the search for an adequate logo to represent Bring Back the Bacon, I thought about the values we wanted to transmit to our future clients, besides the craziness. We would be loyal to our clients, only thinking on their behalf, and which animal is known for its loyalty? The mens best friend the dog. With that I started making some doodles of dogs (see below). The dog should be both charming and crazy to represent us properly so, I thought about drawing him showing his tongue. That attitude would show the character as a rebel. But it wasnt quite passing the feeling I intended. How about a dog with an open mouth, barking loudly? It would express the impression that were new but were here to stay, and we want to make an impact. Is the kind of feeling of screaming our lungs out that kind of freedom which we think defines us as a team. And so, it seemed we had found our logo. But the truth is that it would work much better as a mascot. The logo was still missing. Then, we tried a different approach a typographic logo. Playing with the initials from our name, BBTB (Bring Back the Bacon). That turned out to be the best solution for us. After some doodling, the final logo finally took form. For the colors, the bright yellow, so catchy, in contrast with a solid black. On one hand, yellow transmits happiness and warmth, but on the other it is the color of deceit. It also represents courage in Japan, and is a symbol of peace in the Indian culture. Reading the book The Elements of Color by Johannes Itten helped me understanding the reasons of using the yellow color instead of others (since it was also considered the use of red). Also, my perception psychologys knowledge from my Bachelor has aid me on this aspect according to The American Journal of Psychology, yellow is stimulates the brain and the nervous system, activates the memory and encourages communication. Clearly this was the color which best described us. The main influence for the design of the logo is clear the DAD logo. Designed by Colin Forbes, one of the five founders of the Pentagram design studio, the DAD logo has all the characteristics of success it is attractive, simple, clear and efficient. Every neat piece of design needs a grand concept behind it. Is that concept thats going to preserve the core value of the designed article. With this project, we specified the head banging as main concept of our identity. It is translated as yes, we can do it, which enforces the teams attitude facing graphic design. On our first brief, we needed an added value to our final concept, so it would be strong and efficient on delivering our core identity to the public. When we went to London, to ask the designers and creatives from established design agencies and business people to say yes with us, it marked the point we wanted to make clear we are not on the way to be a top design team, we are already on the top. The sense of belief in our work was reflected on that act, and all the rest of the elements of the identity came along following it. Our concept was based on the happiness that we transpire in the team, inspiring each other , and reflecting the fun side of graphic design. With the identity of the team defined, the next step was to establish a concept, the big idea and the core value, which would bring the clients to us and make them choose our services instead of other companies. Going over the description of our team, we did not wanted to be seen as a regular design agency, but as a fun company, which reflects the way we feel about creating design solutions. With that in mind, we started working on the website prototype. Since we put aside the use of metaphors on our website, I started exploring minimalist layouts, with straight lines it would fit perfectly with our style. Taking the black and yellow from the logo, those would be the main colors of the page, and, for the background, a plain white, giving it a touch of simplicity. However, there wasnt anything incredible about the page. It needed something different that would motivate the users to come back to our website. I was deeply influenced by some fantastic websites which explore this matter and please the user with interactive pages (see on the right and next page). What all these websites have in common is the fact of being different. It induces the user into revisiting the page once more to have that sensation of surprise he had the first time he encountered it. They also make an excellent use of color, setting the right mood to the interaction of the user and the page being with its graphics or written content. In the current brief there was an imperative need of a fresh design. The web is already filed with too much flash websites, and, the truth is that everyone with flash coding skills can create a simple animated website, but only a creative mind can look over from that. I then came across the website of the Champagne Perrier-Jouet. It dazzles the user with a clean layout and soft lines, with some reminiscence from the Art Nouveau. An amazing aspect of this website is that it makes use of videos integrated in the layout giving it the difference factor the same factor we wanted for our webpage. Following the example of Perrier-Jouet, our website should integrate videos as an added value to the page. The final layout was then quickly designed (see next page). The idea was to place a main video on the home page, which would have objects or elements that worked as links to the following pages, constituting on the main menu. As for the navigation, it would be made through sliding from a page to another. Later on, that sliding effect was rejected, due to technical problems and lack of time to develop it properly. We then opted for a simple navigation, without any animation or effect. Each member of the team would be wearing different masks of the teams mascot. However, the masks would have some element that would relate to the person behind it. Then, a symbol was designed for each of the team members, which could define their personalities and work methods. As seen on the previous spread, the BBTB website has four submenus by the names: culprits; ideology; work; and ring. The culprits page starts with a fun and crazy video made from various shootings of moments the team spent together. I thought this would show to the user how we love what we do and how we have fun designing. It captures the joie de vivre we all have in our daily life and towards our work. At the end of the short movie, a message appears challenging the user to click on our mascots below if he wants to know more about the team members. Clicking on each mascot, it is possible to see a photograph of its related member, as well as a description of its role. On the other hand, on the ideology page the user can read about the philosophy thats behind our work methodology. As for the work page, since we were a newborn team of designers, it wouldnt make much sense to just display each team members previous individual work. As a team, our work had to represent us as a whole. With that said, we decided to go to some of Londons companies (design related or not) and ask them to nod their heads with us. As crazy as that may sound, the core meaning of that act was the fact that they would be saying yes to our team. Nodding their heads at the same pace as us shows how we didnt wanted to reach the industry it showed us as being already there. The professionals shown in that video are Phoebe Chang, History teacher at London School of Economics; Tom Probert, designer at Coley Porter Bell; Luca Da Silva, chairman of Albert Mildred; Nadia Kellas, freelance designer at Bostock and Pollitt; and the manager of London Graphic Center at Covent Garden. Finally, the ring page is the location where users or potential clients would be able to communicate with us, sharing their opinions and ideas regarding the team or its work. The music that was used on the background was of great importance for the group. We wanted a sound that wasnt annoying to listen to continuously, preferably without lyrics. It was then decided to contact different types of music bands or djs. The hip feeling of electro music with odd added sounds would reflect us and that was what we needed. The contemporary aspect of that music style also matched our personalities. With that in mind, we got in touch with a fascinating Belgian dj by the artistic name of MagikBitum, who mixed a song exclusively for our team. Personally, the choice of music was well made, since my musical influences have strong electronic roots. But in my opinion, it should have had a more indie touch to it. Because we wanted to be known as alternative agency, meaning that we would be more than ordinary, more than mainstream. Music is an outstanding inspiration, for me as graphic designer, and I search for challenging sounds and lyrics, which stimulate my creativity. Some of the strongest musical influences on the work I developed through this design path are the Icelandic singer-songwriter, composer and music producer, Bjà ¶rk, and the Irish/English electronic duo, Moloko. Their visuals and sounds are sometimes strange, yet amazingly refreshing. The stationery for our team brand was not a requested item, but I proposed it to the team and it was accepted. Being this project about branding, I felt it was a aspect that needed to be explored. I started making some sketches and thinking of the kind of items that could be done, and designed the business cards and letterhead for the team, as well as a notebook and folder to store all the items (see below and following pages). For the business card, I idealized a pop-up system to be inbuilt in it. The card would have a closed version for an easy storage, and when pulled, the lid would reveal on the opposite side the Bring Back the Bacon mascot. A number of stickers and t-shirts were created by Rashi, showing the BBTB logo and mascot. They were part of the additional gimmicks of the project. After three weeks which passed faster than we had foreseen, the presentation day arrived. Our main focus on planning the presentation was to introduce our project development without leaving the core idea to the side. As a continuation of the head banging concept present on the website, we entered the presentation area with our Bring Back the Bacon masks on our faces and repeating with our heads the movement seen on the website. We also carried our BBTB mascot plushy with us to the stage. Even though our concept was strong and our ideas well thought, due to existing problems in the time management within this brief, the presentation wasnt prepared as carefully as it should had been. Therefore, we all knew how to explain and present our project outcomes, but because none of the team members was a native speaker, and with the additional insecurity it caused, communication mistakes were made. Also the language used was not at all the most correct one. Those factors had a depreciative effect in the jurys evaluation on the display of our work. This first presentation was a valuable lesson for me, relating to the time planning and management with a strict deadline and a project to be developed within a short period of time, one has to be strategic in order to bring it into reality. One must know his limitations and based on that should try to break them. If our team didnt had any Native speaker member, each one of us needed more time to prepare ourselves for the presentation. That was a grand weakness that was revealed on the presentation, and made us lose the brief. But to work in a team is to expect some experiences like the ones we had during this first project. When a team has elements which are incapable of sticking with the time plan, is always hard to have good results within schedule. Ive learned to impose myself and speak up when I feel that something isnt right, and is a great feature Im taking to the future. 2nd brief The second brief that was given to us was print based. Each design team was to create an illustrated book or magazine by the name Nursery Crimes. It would consist in a re-invention of traditional nursery rhymes, changing their thematic and message to face a matured audience. The project would have to have a strong concept, with a distinct theme running through it, exploring theoretical and communication perspectives which supported a print based storybook. The publication would be composed of twelve rhymes and illustrations, each two by each member of the group. Before approaching this brief my contact with nursery rhymes was quite limited, not being a native speaker. The research, at this level, was primarily a necessity. The term nursery rhyme is used for traditional children songs in English speaking countries. The early versions of those rhymes were only lullabies (in Portuguese, canà §Ã µes de embalar), sung to children to help them sleep. According to the Childrens Literature: a Readers History, from Aesop to Harry Potter by Seth Lerer, nursery rhymes were often associated with criminality and historical events (the rhyme Remember, Remember is an example of an historical event portrayed on a rhyme). Throughout my initial research I came across several Childrens Literature illustrated books which I promptly analyzed. An interesting aspect that was common in every book analyzed was the use of bright and colorful images. The illustrations had a heartwarming feeling intrinsic to them, representing elements of the text very accurately. The text followed the clarity and simplicity adequate to its readers, consisting in regular font types, easily read. Other factor of relevant is the attention to detail in the pictures, adding the possibility to explore the images countless times. After this brief encounter with the Nursery Rhyme context, and having fully understood the purpose of the project, I started deconstructing the title Nursery Crimes. The mind map on the following page shows the analysis on the word Nursery, the word Rhymes and the word Crimes. I searched for words related to Nursery, trying to find some link between them and the thematic of crime. Then, I analyzed the types of rhymes that could be found in literature. Since the rhymes chosen would have to be re-written by myself, I considered this research very useful to that process. Finally, following a visit to the local Epsom Police Station, I added to the mind map every crime name that was given by the police officers. This list of crimes would be of much help on choosing the crimes with which I would associate my rhymes. Of course, the immediate link between Nursery and Crimes would have to be the crime of child abuse or pedophilia, for being directly related to children, but the other crimes on the list werent discarded, as they might be useful to the creative process. In the first team meeting working around this second brief, the time plan of the work was established (see on the right). The first week would be to choose and alter the nursery rhymes into the crime theme, and with that done, the second week would be spent constructing our illustrations. With both the rhymes and illustrations finished on the third week our efforts would be directed to the making of the Nursery Crimes book, with time for the printing and binding also included. With the purpo charliejor34http://www.blogger.com/profile/15751266620635657648noreply@blogger.com0