Monday, December 30, 2019

Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph

The word telegraph is derived from Greek and means to write far, which describes exactly what a telegraph does. At the height of its use,  telegraph technology involved a worldwide system of wires with stations and operators and messengers, that carried messages and news by electricity faster than any other invention before it. Pre-Electricity Telegraphy Systems The first crude telegraph system was made without electricity. It was a system of semaphores or tall poles with movable arms, and other signaling apparatus, set within physical sight of one another. There was such a telegraph line between Dover and London at during the Battle of Waterloo; that related the news of the battle, which had come to Dover by ship, to an anxious London, when a fog set in (obscuring the line of sight) and the Londoners had to wait until a courier on horseback arrived. Electrical Telegraph The electrical telegraph is one of Americas gifts to the world. The credit  for this invention belongs to Samuel Finley Breese Morse. Other inventors had discovered the principles of the telegraph, but Samuel Morse was the first to understand the practical significance of those facts and was the first to take steps to make a practical invention; which took him 12 long years of work. Early Life of  Samuel Morse Samuel Morse was born in 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was a Congregational minister and a scholar of high standing, who was able to send his three sons to Yale College. Samuel (or Finley, as he was called by his family) attended Yale at the age of fourteen and was taught by Benjamin Silliman, Professor of Chemistry, and Jeremiah Day, Professor of Natural Philosophy, later President of Yale College, whose teaching gave Samuel the education which in later years led to the invention of the telegraph. Mr. Days lectures are very interesting, the young student wrote home in 1809; they are upon electricity; he has given us some very fine experiments, the whole class taking hold of hands form the circuit of communication and we all receive the shock apparently at the same moment. Samuel Morse the Painter Samuel Morse was  a gifted  artist; in fact, he earned a part of his college expenses painting miniatures at five dollars apiece. He even decided at first to become an artist rather than an inventor. Fellow student Joseph M. Dulles of Philadelphia wrote the following about Samuel, Finley [Samuel Morse] bore the expression of gentleness entirely... with intelligence, high culture, and general information, and with a strong bent to the fine arts. Soon after graduating from Yale, Samuel Morse made the acquaintance of Washington Allston, an American artist. Allston was then living in Boston but was planning to return to England, he arranged for Morse to accompany him as his pupil. In 1811, Samuel Morse went to England with Allston and returned to America four years later an accredited portrait painter, having studied not only under Allston but under the famous master, Benjamin West. He opened a studio in Boston, taking commissions for portraits Marriage Samuel Morse married Lucretia Walker in 1818. His reputation as a painter increased steadily, and in 1825 he was in Washington painting a portrait of the Marquis La Fayette, for the city of New York, when he heard from his father the bitter news of his wifes death. Leaving the portrait of La Fayette unfinished, the heartbroken artist made his way home. Artist or Inventor? Two years after his wifes death, Samuel Morse was again obsessed with the marvels of electricity, as he had been in college, after attending a series of lectures on that subject given by James Freeman Dana at Columbia College. The two men became friends. Dana visited Morses studio often, where the two men would talk for hours. However, Samuel Morse was still devoted to his art, he had himself and three children to support, and painting was his only source of income. In 1829, he returned to Europe to study art for three years. Then came the turning point in the life of Samuel Morse. In the autumn of 1832, while traveling home by ship, Samuel Morse joined a conversation with a few scientists scientific men who were on board. One of the passengers asked this question: Is the velocity of electricity reduced by the length of its conducting wire? One of the men replied that electricity passes instantly over any known length of wire and referred to Franklins experiments with several miles of wire, in which no appreciable time elapsed between a touch at one end and a spark at the other. This was the seed of knowledge that led the mind of Samuel Morse to invent the telegraph. In November of 1832, Samuel Morse found himself on the horns of a dilemma. To give up his profession as an artist meant that he would have no income; on the other hand, how could he continue wholeheartedly painting pictures while consumed with the idea of the telegraph? He would have to go on painting and develop his telegraph in what time he could spare. His brothers, Richard and Sidney, were both living in New York and they did what they could for him, giving him a room in a building they had erected at Nassau and Beekman Streets. Samuel Morses Poverty How very poor Samuel Morse was at this time is indicated by a story told by General Strother of Virginia who hired Morse to teach him how to paint: I paid the money [tuition], and we dined together. It was a modest meal, but good, and after he [Morse] had finished, he said, This is my first meal for twenty-four hours. Strother, dont be an artist. It means beggary. Your life depends upon people who know nothing of your art and care nothing for you. A house dog lives better, and the very sensitiveness that stimulates an artist to work keeps him alive to suffering. In 1835, Samuel Morse received an appointment to the teaching staff of  New York University  and moved his workshop to a room in the University building in Washington Square. There, he lived through the year 1836, probably the darkest and longest year of his life, giving lessons to pupils in the art of painting while his mind was in the throes of the great invention. The Birth of the Recording Telegraph In that year [1836] Samuel Morse took into his confidence one of his colleagues in the University, Leonard Gale, who assisted Morse in improving the telegraph apparatus. Morse had formulated the rudiments of the telegraphic alphabet, or  Morse Code, as it is known today. He was ready to test his invention. Yes, that room of the University was the birthplace of the Recording Telegraph, said Samuel Morse years later. On September 2, 1837, a successful experiment was made with seventeen hundred feet of copper wire coiled around the room, in the presence of Alfred Vail, a student, whose family owned the Speedwell Iron Works, at Morristown, New Jersey, and who at once took an interest in the invention and persuaded his father, Judge Stephen Vail, to advance money for experiments. Samuel Morse filed a petition for a patent in October and formed a partnership with Leonard Gale, as well as Alfred Vail. Experiments continued at the Vail shops, with all the partners working day and night. The prototype was publicly demonstrated at the University, visitors were requested to write dispatches, and the words were sent around a three-mile coil of wire and read at the other end of the room. Samuel Morse Petitions Washington to Build Telegraph Line In February 1838, Samuel Morse set out for Washington with his apparatus, stopping at Philadelphia on the invitation of the Franklin Institute to give a demonstration. In Washington, he presented to Congress a petition, asking for a money appropriation to enable him to build an experimental telegraph line. Samuel Morse Applies for European Patents Samuel Morse then returned to New York to prepare to go abroad, as it was necessary for his rights that his invention was patented in European countries before publication in the United States. However, the British Attorney-General refused him a patent on the grounds that American newspapers had published his invention, making it public property. He did receive a French  patent. Introduction to the Art of Photography One interesting result of Samuel Morses 1838 trip to Europe was something not related to the telegraph at all. In Paris, Morse met  Daguerre, the celebrated Frenchman who had discovered a process of making pictures by sunlight, and Daguerre had given Samuel Morse the secret. This led to the first pictures taken by sunlight in the United States and to the first photographs of the human face taken anywhere. Daguerre had never attempted to photograph living objects and did not think it could be done, as a  rigidity of position was required for a long exposure. Samuel Morse, however, and his associate, John W. Draper, were very soon taking portraits successfully. Building of the First Telegraph Line In December 1842, Samuel Morse traveled to Washington for another appeal to  Congress. At last, on February 23, 1843, a bill appropriating thirty thousand dollars to lay the wires between Washington and Baltimore passed the House by a majority of six. Trembling with anxiety, Samuel Morse sat in the gallery of  the House  while the vote was taken and that night Samuel Morse wrote, The long agony is over. But the agony was not over. The bill had yet to pass  the Senate. The last day of the expiring session of Congress arrived on March 3, 1843, and the Senate had not yet passed the bill. In the gallery of the Senate, Samuel Morse had sat all the last day and evening of the session. At midnight the session would close. Assured by his friends that there was no possibility of the bill being reached, he left the Capitol and retired to his room at the hotel, broken-hearted. As he ate breakfast the next morning, a young lady with a smile, exclaimed, I have come to congratulate you! For what, my dear friend? asked Morse, of the young lady, who was Miss Annie G. Ellsworth, daughter of his friend the Commissioner of Patents. On the passage of your bill. Morse assured her it was not possible, as he remained in the Senate-Chamber until nearly midnight. She then informed him that her father was present until the close, and, in the last moments of the session, the bill was passed without debate or revision. Professor Samuel Morse was overcome by the intelligence, so joyful and unexpected, and gave at the moment to his young friend, the bearer of these good tidings, the promise that she should send the first message over the first line of the telegraph that was opened. Samuel Morse and his partners then proceeded to the construction of the forty-mile line of wire between Baltimore and Washington. Ezra Cornell, (founder of  Cornell University) had invented a machine to lay pipe underground to contain the wires and he was employed to carry out the work of construction. The work was commenced at Baltimore and was continued until the experiment proved that the underground method would not do, and it was decided to string the wires on poles. Much time had been lost, but once the system of poles was adopted the work progressed rapidly, and by May 1844, the line was completed. On the twenty-fourth of that month, Samuel Morse sat before his instrument in the room of the Supreme Court at Washington. His friend Miss Ellsworth handed him the message which she had chosen: WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! Morse flashed it to Vail forty miles away in Baltimore, and Vail instantly flashed back the same momentous words, WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT! The profits from the invention were divided into sixteen shares (the partnership having been formed in 1838) of which: Samuel Morse held 9, Francis O. J. Smith 4, Alfred Vail 2, Leonard D. Gale 2. First Commercial Telegraph Line In 1844, the first commercial telegraph line was open for business. Two days later, the Democratic National Convention met in Baltimore to nominate a President and Vice-President. The leaders of the Convention wanted to nominate New York Senator Silas Wright, who was away in Washington, as running mate to  James Polk, but they needed to know if Wright would agree to run as Vice-President. A human messenger was sent to Washington, however, a telegraph was also sent to Wright. The telegraph messaged the offer to Wright, who telegraphed back to the Convention his refusal to run. The delegates did not believe the telegraph until the human messenger returned the next day and confirmed the telegraphs message. Improved Telegraph Mechanism and Code Ezra Cornell built more telegraph lines across the United States, connecting city with city, and Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail improved the hardware and perfected the code. Inventor, Samuel Morse lived to see his telegraph span the continent, and link communications between Europe and North America. Replacing the Pony Express By 1859, both the railroad and the telegraph had reached the town of St. Joseph, Missouri. Two thousand miles further east and still unconnected was California. The only transportation to California was by stage-coach, a sixty-day journey. To establish quicker communication with California, the Pony Express mail route was organized. Solo riders on horseback could cover the distance in ten or twelve days. Relay stations for the horses and men were set up at points along the way, and a mailman rode off from St. Joseph every twenty-four hours after the arrival of the train (and mail) from the East. For a time the Pony Express did its work and did it well. President Lincolns first inaugural speech was carried to California by the Pony Express. By 1869, the Pony Express was replaced by the telegraph, which now had lines all the way to San Francisco and seven years later the first  transcontinental railroad  was completed. Four years after that, Cyrus Field and  Peter Cooper  laid the  Atlantic Cable. The Morse telegraph machine could now send messages across the sea, as well as from New York to the Golden Gate.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Family Genogram - 1258 Words

PSYC 2103 Genogram Project A genogram is a type of family tree, but with more detailed information. It is often used as a diagnostic and assessment tool by physicians or counselors to obtain individual and family history in order to help in the establishment of a diagnosis and treatment plan. This semester, you will have the opportunity to construct a family genogram for informational purposes. You will develop a genogram, documenting information from both sides of your family (maternal and paternal) for 4 generations starting with yourself. The genogram may be hand drawn or you may use a computer drawn one. (You can download a basic program from www.genopro.com/free or from http://www.progenygenetics.com/students/ ) Your†¦show more content†¦Religious affiliation Education level (designate on key what level of education you are showing. For example high school education, PhD, etc.) Occupations (patterns of occupations, not just listing every occupation you can find. For example: teachers, truck drivers, farmers, etc.) Medical problems (heart problems, diabetes, etc.) Mental health problems (depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, etc.) History of suicide or attemptsShow MoreRelatedFamily Genogram Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesThe objective of doing the genogram is to get to know the patient by gaining understanding of his/her family background. Assessing the family using systemic approach enables health care providers to learn about the ways in which family members interact, what are the family expectations and norms, how effective is the members communication, who makes decisions and how the family deals with life time stressors (Hockenberry Wilson, 2007). This paper outlines the assessment and analysis of the threeRead MoreGenogram: Family and Grandmother Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Genogram Project Liberty University Family Genogram Project The purpose of a student construing a genogram is to help a student gain an understanding of his/her family background. By gaining knowledge of one family it can help the student assist other understand how to help their clients. However, genograms backbone is a graphic depiction of how different family member are biologically, legally, and emotionally related to one another from one generation to the next (McGoldrickRead MoreFamily Genogram is Similar to the Family Tree730 Words   |  3 PagesFamily Genogram A genogram is a tool similar to a family tree that is used to track family history and family relationships. Genograms contain basic information such as: names, genders, birth/death dates, illnesses, social behaviors, achievements, education, family relationships, social relationships and emotional relationships (Genogram Guide, 2009). This paper will summarize finding after completing a three generation genogram of this author’s family history beginning with the maternal (Johnson)Read MoreEssay on Genogram Family Analysis1644 Words   |  7 PagesGenogram Family Analysis II How you ever feel that we, as sons or daughter tend to repeat our parent mistakes? I have always asked myself why and I still have not have the right answer. For example my mother grew up in a very strict environment when she was a child, with my grandmother and my great grandmother coming from a Japanese Culture; my mother grew up to be a very quiet and reserve young adult. She is really kind, strict, helpful and with a very big heart. Although we had our differencesRead MoreFamily Subsystem Genograms Paper2789 Words   |  12 PagesBuckman Family Subsystem Genogram Gil, Karen, Kevin, Taylor and Justin Buckman analysis The family chose is Gil, Karen, and their children Kevin, Taylor, and Justin they are a pretty normal down to earth family, with minor issues. The main issue is Gil and his neuroticism; he seems to have obsessive compulsive disorder, because what is happening is that it is affecting their oldest child Kevin the most, the other two are affected but not to the extent that KevinRead MoreWhat A Genogram Is More Than A Family Tree1293 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A genogram is more than a family tree. It is a visual interpretation of a family and their relationships. A genogram says a lot about a family. It uses symbols to describe the relationships between family members. One can use a genogram to tell the dynamics of a family. Sometimes, there are patterns that are passed down generation to generation. The purpose of this paper is to go into more detail about what a genogram is and what it means. Also, I have provided a genogram of my family on theRead MoreFamily Genogram Is Fairly Large At First Glance1504 Words   |  7 Pages The â€Å"Beeland-White† family genogram is fairly large at first glance. On both sides of the chart, one sees ‘hostile’, ‘neutral’, ‘distant’, and ‘close’ relationships with the Beeland side having one ‘very close’ relationship. There are also emotional and power triangles present. One can also view cross-generational patterns specifically dea ling with hostile relationships, which causes an influence on the relationships that I have. My parents are Bryant Beeland and Carol White Beeland. For the lastRead MoreFamily Genogram Project Essay examples3555 Words   |  15 PagesNarrative Family Counseling Approach Research Paper Keltic University Abstract Narrative therapy is a social constructive philosophical approach to psychotherapy that has been developed to help clients deconstruct their negative and self-defeating life stories while rebuilding healthy and positive life stories through the use of various techniques. This paper will discuss the leading figures, some concepts and techniques, ethics, some similarities and dissimilarities of other theories comparedRead MoreGenogram Narrative Family Systems1769 Words   |  8 Pages Genogram Written Narrative HSC 6323/Family Systems June 15, 2011 Professor Michael Hardin Lubbock Christian University Genograms are an excellent way to show the multigenerational family as a whole. When looking at a genogram, it is easier to see various pieces of information that exist within the family system. When creating a genogram, it is necessary to obtain a great deal of information to allow for accuracy as well as proficiency within the genogram. OverallRead MoreGraduation Speech : Honors And Integrity Statement1555 Words   |  7 Pages BLOOD SPEAKS ITSELF A Genogram Paper Honors and Integrity Statement I certify that this Genogram Paper is my own written work and that I have not copied from any other student, text or source in a manner that would violate the rules of plagiarism outlined by Nursing 7 and San Joaquin Delta College. I realize that a violation of the rules of plagiarism will result in a course failure and possible dismissal from the college.

Friday, December 13, 2019

Part Five Chapter IX Free Essays

IX The journey took Krystal back to her childhood. She had made this trip daily to St Thomas’s, all on her own, on the bus. She knew when the abbey would come into sight, and she pointed it out to Robbie. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Five Chapter IX or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘See the big ruin’ castle?’ Robbie was hungry, but slightly distracted by the excitement of being on a bus. Krystal held his hand tightly. She had promised him food when they got off at the other end, but she did not know where she would get it. Perhaps she could borrow money from Fats for a bag of crisps, not to mention the return bus fare. ‘I wen’ ter school ‘ere,’ she told Robbie, while he wiped his fingers on the dirty windows, making abstract patterns. ‘An’ you’ll go to school ‘ere too.’ When they rehoused her, because of her pregnancy, they were almost certain to give her another Fields house; nobody wanted to buy them, they were so run down. But Krystal saw this as a good thing, because in spite of their dilapidation it would put Robbie and the baby in the catchment area for St Thomas’s. Anyway, Fats’ parents would almost certainly give her enough money for a washing machine once she had their grandchild. They might even get a television. The bus rolled down a slope towards Pagford, and Krystal caught a glimpse of the glittering river, briefly visible before the road sank too low. She had been disappointed, when she joined the rowing team, that they did not train on the Orr, but on the dirty old canal in Yarvil. †Ere we are,’ Krystal told Robbie, as the bus turned slowly into the flower-decked square. Fats had forgotten that waiting in front of the Black Canon meant standing opposite Mollison and Lowe’s and the Copper Kettle. There was more than an hour to go until midday, when the cafe opened on Sundays, but Fats did not know how early Andrew had to arrive for work. He had no desire to see his oldest friend this morning, so he skulked down the side of the pub out of sight, and only emerged when the bus arrived. It pulled away, revealing Krystal and a small dirty-looking boy. Nonplussed, Fats loped towards them. †E’s my brother,’ said Krystal aggressively, in response to something she had seen in Fats’ face. Fats made another mental adjustment to what gritty and authentic life meant. He had been fleetingly taken with the idea of knocking Krystal up (and showing Cubby what real men were able to achieve casually, without effort) but this little boy clinging to his sister’s hand and leg disconcerted him. Fats wished that he had not agreed to meet her. She was making him ridiculous. He would rather have gone back to that stinking, squalid house of hers, now that he saw her in the Square. †Ave yeh got any money?’ Krystal demanded. ‘What?’ said Fats. His wits were slow with tiredness. He could not remember now why he had wanted to sit up all night; his tongue was throbbing with all the cigarettes he had smoked. ‘Money,’ repeated Krystal. ‘E’s ‘ungry an’ I’ve lost a fiver. Pay yeh back.’ Fats stuck a hand in his jeans pocket and touched a crumpled bank note. Somehow he did not want to look too flush in front of Krystal, so he ferreted deeper for change, and finally came up with a small amount of silver and coppers. They went to the tiny newsagent’s two streets from the Square, and Fats hung around outside while Krystal bought Robbie crisps and a packet of Rolos. None of them said a word, not even Robbie, who seemed fearful of Fats. At last, when Krystal had handed her brother the crisps, she said to Fats, ‘Where’ll we go?’ Surely, he thought, she could not mean that they were going to shag. Not with the boy there. He had had some idea of taking her to the Cubby Hole: it was private, and it would be a final desecration of his and Andrew’s friendship; he owed nothing to anyone, any more. But he baulked at the idea of fucking in front of a three-year-old. †E’ll be all right,’ said Krystal. †E’s got chocolates now. No, later,’ she said to Robbie, who was whining for the Rolos still in her hand. ‘When you’ve ‘ad the crisps.’ They walked off down the road in the direction of the old stone bridge. †E’ll be all right,’ Krystal repeated. †E does as ‘e’s told. Dontcha?’ she said loudly to Robbie. ‘Wan’ chocolates,’ he said. ‘Yeah, in a minute.’ She could tell that Fats needed cajoling today. She had known, on the bus, that bringing Robbie, however necessary, would be difficult. ‘Whatcha bin up ter?’ she asked. ‘Party last night,’ said Fats. ‘Yeah? Who wuz there?’ He yawned widely, and she had to wait for an answer. ‘Arf Price. Sukhvinder Jawanda. Gaia Bawden.’ ‘Does she live in Pagford?’ asked Krystal sharply. ‘Yeah, in Hope Street,’ said Fats. He knew, because Andrew had let it slip, where she lived. Andrew had never said that he liked her, but Fats had watched him watching Gaia almost constantly in the few classes they shared. He had noticed Andrew’s extreme self-consciousness around her, and whenever she was mentioned. Krystal, though, was thinking about Gaia’s mother: the only social worker she had ever liked, the only one who had got through to her mother. She lived in Hope Street, the same as Nana Cath. She was probably there right now. What if †¦ But Kay had left them. Mattie was their social worker again. Anyway, you weren’t supposed to bother them at home. Shane Tully had once followed his social worker to her house, and he’d got a restraining order for his pains. But then, Shane had earlier tried to heave a brick through the woman’s car window †¦ And, Krystal reasoned, squinting as the road turned, and the river dazzled her eyes with thousands of blinding white spots of light, Kay was still the keeper of folders, the score-keeper and the judge. She had seemed all right, but none of her solutions would keep Krystal and Robbie together †¦ ‘We could go down there,’ she suggested to Fats, pointing at the overgrown stretch of bank, a little way along from the bridge. ‘An’ Robbie could wait up there, on the bench.’ She would be able to keep an eye on him from there, she thought, and she would make sure he didn’t see anything. Not that it was anything he had not seen before, in the days that Terri brought strangers home †¦ But, exhausted as he was, Fats was revolted. He could not do it in the grass, under the eye of a small boy. ‘Nah,’ he said, trying to sound offhand. †E won’ bother,’ said Krystal. †E’s got ‘is Rolos. ‘E won’ even know,’ she said, although she thought that was a lie. Robbie knew too much. There had been trouble at nursery when he’d mimicked doing it doggy-style on another child. Krystal’s mother, Fats remembered, was a prostitute. He hated the idea of what she was suggesting, but was that not inauthenticity? ‘Whassamatter?’ Krystal asked him aggressively. ‘Nothing,’ he said. Dane Tully would do it. Pikey Pritchard would do it. Cubby, not in a million years. Krystal walked Robbie to the bench. Fats bent to peer over the back of it, down to the overgrown patch of weeds and bushes, and thought that the kid might not see anything, but that he would be as quick as he could, in any case. †Ere y’are,’ Krystal told Robbie, pulling out the long tube of Rolos while he reached for them excitedly. ‘Yeh can ‘ave all of ’em if yeh jus’ sit ‘ere fer a minute, all righ’? Yeh jus’ sit ‘ere, Robbie, an’ I’ll be in them bushes. D’yeh understand, Robbie?’ ‘Yeah,’ he said happily, his cheeks already full of chocolate and toffee. Krystal slipped and slid down the bank towards the patch of undergrowth, hoping that Fats was not going to make any difficulties about doing it without a condom. How to cite Part Five Chapter IX, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

The study of China phenomenon of Wang Hong - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss aboutThe study of China phenomenon of Wang Hong. Answer: Introduction One of the driving factors in the industrial and economic growth and changes in the dynamics of the same in the international scenario has been the technological innovations and progress experienced in different areas in the global framework. Over the years, the world has experienced immense progress in terms of technological innovations, which not only affected the industrial and commercial aspects but has influenced the overall way of living of people in all corners of the world. One of the primary innovations, which have widely influenced the lifestyle globally, is of that of internet. Over the years, the usage of internet has expanded significantly, with more people being accustomed to the concept and its applications. Internet is now a significant part of the personal and professional domains of people in general, in all parts of the world. Keeping the aspect of increased influence and usage of internet in peoples everyday life into consideration, the assignment tries to discuss about the recent phenomenon, which have been occurring primarily in countries like China, which is popularly known as the Wang Hong Economy in the contemporary periods. The term Wang Hong Economy, is generally used to refer to the new age digital economy, which is increasingly gaining importance and relevance in the contemporary period. To study the relevance and implications of the same, the following section of the assignment conducts an extensive review of the exiting literatures and scholarly evidences present in this aspect, emphasizing on the economy of China, from where this concept has originated. Wang Hong: Origin and Meaning The term Wang Hong, having its origin in China, broadly refers to the new age internet celebrities who are gaining immense global attention in the contemporary period. As described by Sullivan and Kehoe (2017), in their elaborate work on the evolution and dynamics in the world of celebrities in China, the mode of entertainment for people has undergone immense changes and modifications over the years, with the nature and the magnitude of entertainment changing continuously. In the constant competition of getting more popularity and becoming more famous, people have taken up newer methods of publicizing and advertising oneself. One of the newest of these methods of advertising and reaching out to more people is by the use of the increasing popular platform of social media. With the invention and widespread usage of internet, social media has become a part of the daily lives of people across the world. According to the authors, social media not only remains as a mode of global communica tion, but has also become a medium of exchanging thoughts and ideas, which gave rise to the notion of using the same platform to reach out to more people and to display or convey what they has to show or say. Talking in the line of Sullivan and Kehoe, in his article, Wang (2017), elaborated the concept of Wang Hong. As asserted by the author, Wang Hong in China refers to those celebrities who get popular not by conventional media but though internet and the different social media platforms. These people, well aware of the increasing usage of social media among people of different age and nature, use this platform to showcase their talents, thereby gaining immense popularity, which can be highly attributed to the ease of using internet, its incredible pace and vast reach. This phenomenon is no longer a discrete one as its increasing popularity and economic prospects have been attracting more people to use the same to become popular. Though the author clearly elaborates the meaning and implications of the term Wang Hong, he however does not elaborate on the phenomenon of the rapidly rising Wang Hong Economy in China and the reasons behind the rise of the same in the contemporary Chinese eco nomy. Wang Hong Economy The term Wang Hong Economy, as put forward by Wang (2012) is in its broad sense the newly but rapidly growing digital economy in China, which is coming into existence with the increasing popularity and prospects of the phenomenon of Wang Hong. He, unlike the previous authors, defined Chinese Wang Hong to be those who not only become popular on the social media platforms in China, but also have the abilities to channelize their popularity to real cash earnings for them and their sponsors. As argued by the author the Wang Hong economy or the Internet Celebrity economy not only includes those displaying their talents or ideas in the social media platforms but also the people and stakeholders working in the background. This alternative form of economy is especially popular in China and with more people as well as investors pitching in, the valuation of this economy expected to cross 58 billion Yuan in 2017, which is even higher than the box office revenue of China in 2015. How Wang Hone Economy works in China Xu (2018) has elaborately explained the concept and dynamics of Wang Hong Economy in China in the article published in Target China, where the author describes the working and the demand supply dynamics of the Wang Hong economy with the help of a diagrammatic representation of the same, which is as follows: Figure 1: Dynamics in the Wang Hong Economy (Source: Xu 2018) Taking reference of the above figure, the author argues that the Chinese internet celebrity economy not only consists of celebrities themselves but also a full-fledged business chain behind the celebrity faces. This business chain includes the support teams, the agents, incubators, marketing strategists and those who have the ability to design different product selling methods for different commercial companies taking advantage of the popularity of these celebrities (Shijia 2018). How are internet celebrities different from traditional celebrities? Hua, Leong and Yu (2017), in their scholarly article tries to differentiate between the internet celebrities and the conventional or traditional ones, based on the nature, domain of operations and targeted clienteles these two types of sensations target and their purposes. According to the authors, unlike the non-internet celebrities, the Wang Hong celebrities in China, not only displays their talents but also share their experiences, lifestyles and opinions on different aspects with their viewers quite frequently. They also guide their viewers in terms of food, fashion, lifestyle, travel and others buy suggesting them brands to buy, places to visit and other. The approach of these celebrities being more frequent and less formal, they appear to be more cordial to their viewers than the traditional celebrity, which in turn encourages them to follow their life styles and suggestions. Therefore, in spite of being non-professional, these internet celebrities exert more influence on the v iewers, especially the younger ones, who try to follow them. The advantage of such fan following automatically makes these celebrities a part of the marketing system of various products and services by different companies as argued by Schmidt and Cohen (2013). They sponsor these celebrities to advertise their goods and services in a more cordial and less-apparent manner, thereby making the viewers believe in the credibility of these goods and services as they see that even their favorite celebrities use them too. This informal advertising not only increases the economic benefits of these companies in terms of hugely increased sales but also increases the prosperity of the celebrities as both their earnings as well as the number of viewers increase substantially. Tuten and Solomon (2017), also argues in favor of Cohen, asserting that the internet celebrities even earn economic benefits from the media channels by creating their own blogs or channels, posting videos and increasing the number of viewers and subscribers to their channels. Reasons behind the rise of the Wang Hone Economy in China In the age of digitalism in every aspect of human life, internet celebrities are getting increasing global attention with each passing day. However, the trend is especially prominent in China and the concept of Wang Hong Economy has originated and developed in the country over the years. There are several reasons behind the growth and immense popularity of the recently growing Internet Celebrity Economy in China, which have been put forward by different scholars: a) Technological Advancement- According to Chen, Benbasat and Cenfetelli (2017), one of the primary factors, which have contributed immensely to the origin of the Wang Hong Economy, is the highly developed technological framework in the country which includes the widespread usage of internet also. The number of internet users in China increased to as high as 6.49 billion till 2015, among which 5.57 billion are found to have access to internet through their smart phones which they use for purchasing and socializing purposes. b) Growing Economy- Kim and Ko (2012) puts forward another factor contributing to the rising popularity of the Wang Hong economy in China. According to them, the economy of China is growing consistently and the consumption pattern of the people of the country is also changing, much of which is attributed to the increase in the number of youths in the country. As per the assertions of the authors, the youth gets more intrigues by the videos of these internet celebrities and in a quest to achieve a lifestyle similar to those celebrities, they mould their purchasing patterns in a way, which facilitates the growth of the Wang Hong economy. Online relating perspective of Wang Hong Economy Tao and Jiao (2013) highlights the presence of the aspect of online retailing apart from that of media advertising in the Wang Hong economy. According to the authors, the Wang Hong economy also includes the aspect of e-commerce and online retailing. Taking the example of TaoBao, a customer to customer website, the authors suggest that different internet celebrities advertise their stores which includes fashion, food and lifestyle. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be asserted that the Wang Hong economy has been expanding impressively with time. The technological progress and widespread usage of internet, especially among the youths has contributed immensely to the change in lifestyle and the facilitation of the Wang Hong economy in the country. This gives the opportunity of expanding this new form of economy to other countries also, which in turn keeps the scope of exploration and further study of this economy and its prospect in future across different parts of the world. References Chen, Z., Benbasat, I. and Cenfetelli, R.T., 2017. Grassroots Internet Celebrity Plus Live Streaming Activating IT-Mediated Lifestyle Marketing Services at e-Commerce Websites. Hua, W., Leong, C. and Yu, J., 2017. Exploring User-Created Digital Content Ecosystem: A Study of Chinas Digital Celebrity Industry. Kim, A.J. and Ko, E., 2012. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Schmidt, E. and Cohen, J., 2013.The new digital age: Reshaping the future of people, nations and business. Hachette UK. Shijia, O. (2018).Wanghong economy takes off - Chinadaily.com.cn. [online] Chinadaily.com.cn. Available at: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201712/11/WS5a2dc2aca310eefe3e9a1481.html [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Sullivan, J. and Kehoe, S., 2017. Truth, good and beauty: the politics of celebrity in China.China Quarterly. Tao, S. and Jiao, C., 2013. A Study on the Introduction of Online Retailer-Services Perspective.Management Review,1, p.011. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2017.Social media marketing. Sage. Wang, W.Y., 2012. Whos blocking the Chinese Internet? The rise of cybercultures and the generational conflicts in China. InCybercultures: Cultures in Cyberspace Communities(pp. 145-166). Inter-Disciplinary Press. Wang, Y., 2017." We are famous on the Internet": A study of the Chinese phenomenon of Wanghong(Master's thesis, The University of Bergen). Xu, K. (2018).What is "Internet Celebrity Economy" in China | Target China. [online] Targetchina.com.au. Available at: https://targetchina.com.au/article/internet-celebrity/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018].

Thursday, November 28, 2019

On My First Son by Ben Jonson Essay Example

On My First Son by Ben Jonson Paper This was frightening, because the Red Cross was the sign put on houses struck by the plague. And after few days he received a letter from his wife telling him that his son Benjamin had died. Johnson writes the poem as if he is talking to his son, and he assumes that the boy can hear or read his read. He calls him the child of his right hand both to suggest the boys worth and also the fact that he would have been the writers successor (the mage comes from the bible, it reflects on the way Jesus is shown as sitting at Gods right hand). The mood of this poem shows the somber and grief but on the other side it also shows a bright side how he loved his son. The atmosphere/tone is reflecting on him talking about his son, how his son was everything and he put his son In place instead of god. Beginning is sad as It shows straight away that he loves her but suggests that something bad has happened -death. A calmer atmosphere pervades n the last four line, where the poet Is in positive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The middle section from line 5 Is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to be philosophical about his grief seeing death as an escape from a troubled world. This poem Is twelve-line long, and It Is written using Iambic pentameter, Johnson arranges the lines using six pairs of rhyming couplets. The middle section from line 5 is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to be philosophical about his grief seeing death as an escape from a troubled world. There Is a lot of heart touching quotes In this poem. We will write a custom essay sample on On My First Son by Ben Jonson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on On My First Son by Ben Jonson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on On My First Son by Ben Jonson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Johnson has used his language effectively, the second line Is really heart-breaking, my seine was too much hope of thee, loved boy. Johnson blames himself for the death of his son; he loved him too much and had high hopes for him. The whole of the second line as If Johnson writes as he Is talking to his son and thou wert lent to me suggest that his son was a gift from heaven. Will man lament the state he should uneven explains paradox, the boy Is going to escape the hardship life and the misery of aging. Rest In soft peace this quote proposes that his son has gone to a better place, euphemism makes death sound comforting. In conclusion On My First Son by Ben Johnson (1572-1637) By Aviva him talking about his son, how his son was everything and he put his son in place instead of god. Beginning is sad as it shows straight away that he loves her but in the last four line, where the poet is in positive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The middle section from line 5 is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to This poem is twelve-line long, and it is written using iambic pentameter, Johnson There is a lot of heart touching quotes in this poem. Johnson has used his language effectively, the second line is really heart-breaking, my seine was too much hope of much and had high hopes for him. The whole of the second line as if Johnson writes as he is talking to his son and thou wert lent to me suggest that his son was a gift from heaven. Will man lament the state he should envied explains paradox, the boy is going to escape the hardship life and the misery of aging. Rest in soft peace this

Monday, November 25, 2019

Dissimilation and Haplology in Phonetics

Dissimilation and Haplology in Phonetics Dissimilation is a general term in phonetics and historical linguistics  for the process by which two neighboring sounds become less alike. Contrast with assimilation.  According to Patrick Bye, the term dissimilation entered the field [of phonology] in the 19th century from rhetoric, where it had been in use to describe the variation in style required for good public speaking (The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, 2011). Dissimilation and Haphology As discussed below, one type of dissimilation is  haplology- a sound change  involving the loss of a syllable when its  next to a phonetically identical (or similar) syllable.  Perhaps the best known example is the reduction of  Anglaland  in Old English to England in Modern English. Haplology is sometimes called  syllabic syncope.  (The counterpart of  haplology  in writing is  haplography- the accidental omission of a letter that should be repeated, such as mispell for misspell.) The Phonetics of English ElisionLanguage ChangePronunciationSegment and SuprasegmentalSound ChangeWhat Is the Correct Pronunciation of February?Word Boundaries Examples of Dissimilation [An] example of dissimilation is the substandard pronunciation of chimney as chimley, with the second of two nasals changed to an [l]. The ultimate dissimilation is the complete loss of one sound because of its proximity to another similar sound. A frequent example in present-day standard English is the omission of one of two [r] sounds from words like cate(r)pillar, Cante(r)bury, rese(r)voir, terrest(r)ial, southe(r)ner, barbitu(r)ate, gove(r)nor, and su(r)prised.(John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson, 2005) Dissimilation of Liquid Consonants ​Consider [an] example of dissimilation of liquid consonants that took place when the suffix -al attached to some Latin nouns to make adjectives. The regular suffixation process gives us pairs like the following: orbit/orbital, person/personal, culture/cultural, electric/electrical. However, when an /l/ precedes the ending anywhere in the root, the ending is changed from -al to -ar as a result of dissimilation: single/singular, module/modular, luna/lunar. (Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone. Wadsworth, 2010) Assimilation v. Dissimilation ​Assimilation is far more common than dissimilation; assimilation is usually regular, general throughout the language, though sometimes it can be sporadic. Dissimilation is much rarer and is usually not regular (is sporadic), though dissimilation can be regular. Dissimilation often happens at a distance (is non-adjacent) . . .. (Lyle Campbell, Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. MIT Press, 2004) Causes and Effects of Haphology ​We say that assimilation and dissimilation are changes that result in an increase or decrease, respectively, in the degree of phonetic similarity between two segments. It is tempting to think that such changes in the one segment are somehow caused by the phonetics of the other, and for generations that is actually how the matter has usually been presented. . . . But this is a confusion of cause and effect. It is true that the effect of the change is a net increase/decrease of similarity between two segments, but it is begging the question (to say the least) to assume that the degree of similarity is also somehow the cause of the change. The fact is that very little is known of the actual mechanisms of these changes, commonplace as they are. (Andrew L. Sihler, Language History: An Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Haplology Haplology  . . . is the name given to the change in which a repeated sequence of sounds is simplified to a single occurrence. For example, if the word  haplology  were to undergo haplology (were to be haplologized), it would reduce the sequence  lolo  to  lo,  haplology  Ã‚  haplogy. Some real examples are: (1) Some varieties of English reduce   library  to libry [laibri] and   probably  to probly [prÉ”bli].(2)   pacifism  pacificism (contrast with   mysticism  mysticism, where the repeated sequence is not reduced and does not end up as   mystism).(3) English   humbly  was   humblely  in Chaucers time, pronounced with three syllables, but has been reduced to two syllables (only one   l) in modern standard English.  (Lyle Campbell,   Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. MIT Press, 2004) The Haphology Effect The  haplology  effect can often be heard in the casual  pronunciation  of each of these words: February, probably, regularly, and similarly.  The words  library  and  necessary, especially as spoken in Southern England, are often heard by foreigners as  libry  and  nessary. But when they repeat the words as such, they do not sound right, since there should be a lengthened  r  and  s, respectively, in those words. It shows that foreigners notice the beginning stages of  haplology  in those words, when there is as yet no complete haplology. (Yuen Ren Chao,  Language and Symbolic Systems. Cambridge University Press, 1968)

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Company fitness program and its benefits.Proposal Essay

Company fitness program and its benefits.Proposal - Essay Example The Company also intends to establish on-site fitness center so that employees could become physically and mentally strong and hence their productivity could be increased (Ichihashi, Muto, and Shibuya, 2007). Therefore, this proposal will highlight the key benefits of on-site fitness center and will also identify the requirements, costs, and time for establishing on-site fitness center. The main objective of on-site fitness center is to reduce health care expenditure of employer. It has been noticed that company spends millions of dollars every year for employee’s health issues. Moreover, employee’s absenteeism and turnover rate have also been the serious problem for productivity and profitability of company. It has been estimated that employee’s health care cost and absenteeism rate would decline. Hence the end-result for the company would be higher productivity and profitability. Many studies have also been conducted to determine the benefits of company fitness programs. ... They are facing stress and other physical problems due to improper diet and lack of physical activities. Today every employee wants to be fit and healthy person not only because of health concerns but also for looking slim and smart. Therefore, company health and fitness programs have now become the necessity of time in order to maintain the balanced and healthy life of employees (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). Many of the organizations have realized this issue and have started health and fitness programs for their employees. These organizations noted that health and fitness programs lead to improve employees’ performance. They become very active in their jobs and feel happy during their work. The report prepared by the US department of Disease Prevention and Health promotion in 1993 claimed that on-site health fitness programs is the major contribution in improving health of many American employees (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). There are many other organizations which are facing problems regarding increasing health issues of employees. The cost of spending in worker’s health is increasing due to increasing ratio of health problems in employees. In America, more than one third of the total annual medical bill was paid by employers and the average medical premium for single coverage was $3615 a year in 2006 (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). Organizations are also worried for increasing employee’s absenteeism and turnover ratio due to health related issues in them (Ichihashi, Muto, and Shibuya, 2007). Therefore, the idea of on-site fitness centers will be beneficial for both the employees and the employer. The fitness

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

East Asia in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

East Asia in the Modern World - Essay Example Chinese students staged a demonstration in Tiananmen Square protesting the terms of the Versailles Treaty, which confirmed Japan’s claims on Chinese land previously occupied by Germany. The students were imbued with Western ideas of equality; democracy, individual freedom, and the Wilsonian claim that all nations have the right to self-determination. Similarly, the young Koreans protested the terms of the Versailles Treaty and demanded freedom from Japanese colonization. It is clear that Versailles treaty was a major trigger of both movements. The fact leaders of both movements were taught abroad is quite significant. A major difference between the two movements was how the movements were undertaken. In china, students from Beijing congregated around Tiananmen Square to demonstrate against the Versailles Conference. The students gave out fliers announcing China would reject the surrender of Chinese land to Japan. In Korea, the protestors majorly compromised of students, homemakers, farmers i.e. ordinary people in society, as well as politicians and religious leaders. The protests intent was to petition to the Japanese people, and these protests erupted randomly throughout the entire country.   In conclusion, the trigger for both movements might have been the Versailles Treaty but the goals were different. China wanted to retain its territory while the Koreans wanted withdrawal of Japan from its

Monday, November 18, 2019

Judicial Review- public law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Judicial Review- public law - Essay Example In the Prolife case the appellate court considered the extent to which a broadcaster could curtail a PEB or Party Election Broadcast. In that particular case the BBC had conceded that it was a public authority, in a narrow sense for the specific purpose of the appeal in the House of Lords. However, it did not accept this classification in a wider context (R (ProLife Alliance) v BBC , 2004 ). The House of Lords, in their judicial review of this contention, held that the BBC had been justified in refusing to broadcast the election manifesto of an anti – abortion party, deeming its manner of presentation to be in bad taste. This decision accorded greater deference to the BBC than to a court, which was subordinate to it (Tugendhat & Christie, 2006). This issue of deference invited a significant amount of disagreement after the enactment of the Human Rights Act. Some authorities have contended that the judiciary should take cognizance of the following, while deferring to the other branches of the government. The degree to which political, economic or social issues are involved; the degree to which courts have the necessary proficiency in the matter under consideration; the nature of the rights and the extent to which these rights are afforded protection by the constitution. The manner, in which the judiciary has set about deference under the Human Rights Act, indicates the extant legal traditions. In addition, it elaborates upon the well established administrative law tenets, which state that the judiciary should abstain from supplanting the decision maker’s judgment with its own ruling. The courts are required to apply, the principle of Wednesbury irrationality, which does not require a repetition of the detailed judicial hearing into the facts of the case. Moreover, this situation is exacerbated by the inadequate constitutional law principles (Reported Decisions of

Friday, November 15, 2019

Overview of Assessments in Postgraduate Arts Degree

Overview of Assessments in Postgraduate Arts Degree The first semester started with an individual challenge to the Masters students. It consisted of an introspective project where one had to create a self-portrait piece, which could be in any possible platform or support. A self-portrait is a representation of an artist, drawn, painted, photographed, or sculpted by the artist. Although self-portraits have been made by artists since the earliest times, it is not until the Early Renaissance in the mid 1400s that artists can be frequently identified depicting themselves as either the main subject, or as important characters in their work. With better and cheaper mirrors, and the advent of the panel portrait, many painters, sculptors and printmakers tried some form of self-portraiture. (Edward Lucie-Smith, S. K. 1987) For me a portrait should illustrate not only the appearance of its subject, but also details which link to his personality and past experiences. My experiments on portraying myself were based on an indirect reflection of myself, inserting some of my characteristics in my painting or drawing. In this case, I wanted to try a new approach, something quite different. After some doodling and sketching, I opted on using the photographic mosaic technique. This technique consists in a picture divided into rectangular segments, all then replaced with another photograph of an approximated color. When it is looked at from a distance, the individual pixels appear as the primary image, while close examination reveals that the image is, in reality, composed of many smaller images. Trademarked by Runaway Technology, Inc., in 2003 by Robert Silvers, a Masters student at MIT (US Trademark Office. Retrieved 2009-10-13), the technique Because life is made of bits of experiences and an individual is composed of his memories, each pixel of my portrait was to be replaced with photographs of dates, events and people that had marked me. That piece would be inserted in a tridimensional composition, expressing how my past experiences shaped my personality and how it shows on the outside, by my actions and appearance. The composition was influenced by the work of and Julien Vallà ©e. His outstanding, creative and inspiring handmade graphic sculptures and stylish motion graphics are like passage ways to alternative dimensions, parallel worlds. He also has an incredible ability to connect elements in a way that his compositions always become direct means of communication. The tridimensional lettering forms a sentence from Fernando Pessoa, the brilliant Portuguese poet, and its meaning is much more than it appears to be. The phrase is a hymn to the Portuguese people, representing hope and belief in ourselves Because life is made of bits of experiences and an individual is composed of his memories, each pixel of my portrait was to be replaced with photographs of dates, events and people that had marked me. 1st brief Two weeks after my arrival at the UK, still getting used to the new life in Epsom, it was time to start the first semester work. As starter, on the first course meeting, each postgraduate student had to present themselves as well as their portfolio of work. The purpose of those presentations was to help us students to know each other and to, after that, choose the people we wanted to work with. The first project we would have to answer was presented to us and it consisted in, after forming teams within the class, brand ourselves as a team and represent that same team in the form of a website. Each designer or partnership had to create an interactive website design that had a recognizable identity and brand experience; defined a philosophy, rationale and methods of working; which explored through the presentation of work, how the team applied key theoretical, socio/cultural, political or industrial concepts to it; which had background documentation of research that explores a variety of contemporary screen portfolio styles and influences. The website should show the added value of the team, as well as the target companies (who would we want to work with? who would our audience be?) As for the presentation, it should explore and apply clear graphic design and communication tools to communicate the ideas of the team. Every presentation went smoothly and I was mesmerized with the talent, skills and impressive work shown by my colleagues and to choose the ones I wanted to work with was proving to be difficult. I know that in a team we have to combine, not only the skills of its members, but also there has to be a mutual understanding and a good relationship between them. Taking that fact into consideration, I looked to the people I already knew and with whom I had a good connection and between them five appeared to be the most reliable. When the presentations were done, I was asked by the two girls sitting next to me if we could be in the same group, and since they were part of the group of people I wanted to work with, I agreed with it. Later I received some invitations from other groups and people, but it was too late. Who knows if it was the best choice, or how would it had been if Ive chosen to join other group? I dont know, but the group was then made and it was a powerful group made of strong willed people me, Ines Torre; Rudo Tinofieryi; Rashi Puri; Helmut Mertens; Christina Sinn; and Chia Chieh Chih. Afterwards, I was approached by Lisa, who asked to join the team I was in. Since our team had already six elements, we had to first be sure it was acceptable to have an additional member. She then asked our supervisor, Damian Chapman, if there was any problem in her joining our team, and after he said that it was perfectly fine, our team had turned from six into a seven members team. We established a clear time plan and pursued on our first meeting making a first approach to how we would work and which were the personal influences from each team member. Unfortunately, there was some sort of problem with our team. We were notified that the team couldnt continue having seven elements since all team should have a maximum of six members and there was other team Afterdark which had only five members. That brought us into a hard situation, having to choose someone from the team to leave the rest. After a long discussion on the matter, all of us being reluctant in expelling anyone, the group came to the consent that Lisa, for being the last element to join the group, should be the one to leave. This was not an easy decision to be made, but everyone understood it was a necessary measure to be taken and it was decided in a democratic way, so everyone could have a part on it. Having read Marty Neumeiers publications The Designful Company: How to build a culture of nonstop innovation and The Brand Gap, I had the perspective that the power of a name strengthens the meaning of branding while promoting an industry. While taking into consideration the name of a corporation, its needed to keep in mind the significance of branding. To settle on a name is not a mere coincidence, but, on the contrary, is a meticulous process and study of possible names and meaning. Consumers dont actually think about the magnitude of branding, but he needs to understand the brands product or services. The route begins creating a simple name, consumers memorize whats simple, and also making sure your name can be connected with something positive the consumer is attracted to items to which he can relate positive qualities. One more important point is that the name must be unique. If the name is too similar to another companys, then the public is likely to mix the companies in question, which decreases revenue. It is commonly known in the business world that a brands name is of the highest significance for any businesses. Without an attractive and familiar brand name, it doesnt matter if the products or services are good, the income would almost certainly not be that encouraging. A great name would be easily associated with the products or services offered (people would relate excellent cars with Ferrari or Lamborghini, sportswear with Adidas or Nike, soft drinks with Coke or Pepsi the same way as fast food with McDonalds or KFC). The brand name is used interchangeably quite regularly within the term brand, even though it is more appropriately used to particularly stand for linguistic elements of any product. It constitutes then a sort of trademark, if the name entirely categorizes its owner as the commercial font of the products or services. As my research on the subject revealed, relating to brand names, they can appear in many styles: Acronyms (constituted of initials); Descriptive (which illustrates a product utility); Alliteration or rhyme (amusing to say and easy to remember); Evocative (which evoke a real picture); Neologisms (words invented out of nothing); Foreign words (adopted from another language); Founders names (names of real people); Geography (names of regions or landmarks); Personification (brands that take their names from myths or legends). Not sure about what would be the best choice of a name for the team we just formed, on the first meeting I had with my team mates, we started by defining ourselves with just one word. Not sure about what would be the best choice of a name for the team we just formed, on the first meeting I had with my team mates, we started by defining ourselves with just one word. Each of us had, also, to specify our strengths in graphic design. As shown in the scanned mind map on the previous page, each member mentioned their roles in the area of Graphic Design, how they describe themselves and their definition of Graphic Design. The interesting point we got from those notions was that we all complemented each other, and each one had their own and particular value to the team. It was a good start. Knowing each members strengths would make it easier to plan a strategy for our work flow, as well as for each ones roles. To maximize the time and do the best possible with a tight schedule, is always necessary to indicate specific roles for the elements of the team. I see myself as someone determined and hard worker, never afraid of late working hours or to fight for what I believe. My core strengths are the experience in working both in web design and usability, as well as illustration. Basically, I have had worked in the most varied areas of Design (for example, video editing, animation, airbrushing, photography and publication). The core motive that made me join the Masters course of Graphic Design Communication in the University for the Creative Arts in Epsom was the search for training not skills but ideas. Because a good idea is what really matters. As for my team mates: Rashi is experienced in photography, flash animation and both print and typography, she defined herself with the word simplicity; Rudo has an amazing talent for packaging design and brand identity, and describe herself as unique I couldnt agree more, as shes one of most remarkable people Ive ever met; Christina is the force connecting the group an defines herself as creative, she is also strong in print design; Chih is simply crazy by her own words- and she is strong in various areas, including the creative one; finally, the only male member of the group, Helmut, is a realist and the typography specialist. Resuming, we all defined Graphic Design as a tool to support communication and to understand information. As a group it was clear from the beginning that we wanted to represent ourselves as a young, fun and creative team that would approach design without fear. We wanted to create clever and wacky ideas that would translate into interesting design that communicates a message. We wanted to work for clients who are open minded and would give us the freedom to create unique ideas. An example of those companies is Coca Cola or Cadbury. After having presented ourselves to the rest of the team, in a more profound way than earlier before all the class, we started our quest for a name doing a brainstorm on random words and expressions. That brainstorm is illustrated in the mind map seen above. Our method consisted in quickly saying the first thing that came to mind on the instant. We then would search for the origins, context and meaning of each word or phrases. A list was made and every name analyzed. Some of the names we came up with were excluded for being already used by other companies and to select the final one from those left, each member voted on the names they preferred. By the end of the voting, the name chosen was Bring Back the Bacon. I personally voted on this name. It has all that is requested in a good brand name: is fun to say; easy to remember; and has that freshness of being something new. Plus, it means bring home the prize, which is the goal of our projects. One of my key influences for the choice of that name was the personal website of Nessim Higson, iamalwayshungry.com. The name is incredibly fun to say and is just basically a random phrase, but communicates the authors constant hunger for knowledge and new experiences. That was the exact feeling I wanted for the team. The website also inspired me for its interactivity it challenges the user to explore and unveil its contents by telling him to drag his mouse trough the page. Initially we thought of using a food/kitchen based theme, so, the first sketches for the logo were around that theme. While sketching possibilities for a logo, we were also thinking of possible metaphors for the website. The kitchen theme would be an interesting one. Doodling with that idea of kitchen in mind, I thought: why not using a fridge as a metaphor? As a web page, it also has different levels, areas, and those aspects could work with a web interface. With this in mind, I tried to explore the concept, building possible information maps for the distribution of contents on the website. Parallel to this, I started playing with different ideas for the logo. Ultimately I thought about the crazy factor we said we wanted for our team. And whats crazier than the Cookie Monster from Sesame Street? The character was a perfect fit for giving a certain fun aspect to the kitchen based thematic. Developing that idea, I started with some sketches of our own Bring Back the Bacon monster (see previous and next page). The monster was later discarded as the whole concept of a kitchen based metaphor was rejected. The fridge, interface we ultimately chosen for the page, was associated with cold and harsh. It was a flaw from our part to not consider the English public as a primary client: the cold does not please the consumer, because the typical English weather is already too cold. It could work with the use of a oven instead of the fridge, but we also admitted that all that thematic was too clichà ©. So, we started all over again, from the beginning, trying to find the right way to conduct our project. I then created some characters to impersonate the members of the team. With those characters, the website could be developed through a comic strip, telling the story of the team, our beliefs and the way we work. Different styles of characters were tried simplified shapes, as well as manga style illustration (see below and next page). This idea wasnt developed profoundly, as it didnt show the graphic style of the group. We defined ourselves as a group of young designers from around the world and following the motto nothing without fun. Our understanding of Graphic Design is that it has to catch the attention of its viewers, with clever ideas that communicate a message. The comic strip approach wouldnt follow the path we had encrypted in our description. Putting that idea to the side, and going back to the search for an adequate logo to represent Bring Back the Bacon, I thought about the values we wanted to transmit to our future clients, besides the craziness. We would be loyal to our clients, only thinking on their behalf, and which animal is known for its loyalty? The mens best friend the dog. With that I started making some doodles of dogs (see below). The dog should be both charming and crazy to represent us properly so, I thought about drawing him showing his tongue. That attitude would show the character as a rebel. But it wasnt quite passing the feeling I intended. How about a dog with an open mouth, barking loudly? It would express the impression that were new but were here to stay, and we want to make an impact. Is the kind of feeling of screaming our lungs out that kind of freedom which we think defines us as a team. And so, it seemed we had found our logo. But the truth is that it would work much better as a mascot. The logo was still missing. Then, we tried a different approach a typographic logo. Playing with the initials from our name, BBTB (Bring Back the Bacon). That turned out to be the best solution for us. After some doodling, the final logo finally took form. For the colors, the bright yellow, so catchy, in contrast with a solid black. On one hand, yellow transmits happiness and warmth, but on the other it is the color of deceit. It also represents courage in Japan, and is a symbol of peace in the Indian culture. Reading the book The Elements of Color by Johannes Itten helped me understanding the reasons of using the yellow color instead of others (since it was also considered the use of red). Also, my perception psychologys knowledge from my Bachelor has aid me on this aspect according to The American Journal of Psychology, yellow is stimulates the brain and the nervous system, activates the memory and encourages communication. Clearly this was the color which best described us. The main influence for the design of the logo is clear the DAD logo. Designed by Colin Forbes, one of the five founders of the Pentagram design studio, the DAD logo has all the characteristics of success it is attractive, simple, clear and efficient. Every neat piece of design needs a grand concept behind it. Is that concept thats going to preserve the core value of the designed article. With this project, we specified the head banging as main concept of our identity. It is translated as yes, we can do it, which enforces the teams attitude facing graphic design. On our first brief, we needed an added value to our final concept, so it would be strong and efficient on delivering our core identity to the public. When we went to London, to ask the designers and creatives from established design agencies and business people to say yes with us, it marked the point we wanted to make clear we are not on the way to be a top design team, we are already on the top. The sense of belief in our work was reflected on that act, and all the rest of the elements of the identity came along following it. Our concept was based on the happiness that we transpire in the team, inspiring each other , and reflecting the fun side of graphic design. With the identity of the team defined, the next step was to establish a concept, the big idea and the core value, which would bring the clients to us and make them choose our services instead of other companies. Going over the description of our team, we did not wanted to be seen as a regular design agency, but as a fun company, which reflects the way we feel about creating design solutions. With that in mind, we started working on the website prototype. Since we put aside the use of metaphors on our website, I started exploring minimalist layouts, with straight lines it would fit perfectly with our style. Taking the black and yellow from the logo, those would be the main colors of the page, and, for the background, a plain white, giving it a touch of simplicity. However, there wasnt anything incredible about the page. It needed something different that would motivate the users to come back to our website. I was deeply influenced by some fantastic websites which explore this matter and please the user with interactive pages (see on the right and next page). What all these websites have in common is the fact of being different. It induces the user into revisiting the page once more to have that sensation of surprise he had the first time he encountered it. They also make an excellent use of color, setting the right mood to the interaction of the user and the page being with its graphics or written content. In the current brief there was an imperative need of a fresh design. The web is already filed with too much flash websites, and, the truth is that everyone with flash coding skills can create a simple animated website, but only a creative mind can look over from that. I then came across the website of the Champagne Perrier-Jouet. It dazzles the user with a clean layout and soft lines, with some reminiscence from the Art Nouveau. An amazing aspect of this website is that it makes use of videos integrated in the layout giving it the difference factor the same factor we wanted for our webpage. Following the example of Perrier-Jouet, our website should integrate videos as an added value to the page. The final layout was then quickly designed (see next page). The idea was to place a main video on the home page, which would have objects or elements that worked as links to the following pages, constituting on the main menu. As for the navigation, it would be made through sliding from a page to another. Later on, that sliding effect was rejected, due to technical problems and lack of time to develop it properly. We then opted for a simple navigation, without any animation or effect. Each member of the team would be wearing different masks of the teams mascot. However, the masks would have some element that would relate to the person behind it. Then, a symbol was designed for each of the team members, which could define their personalities and work methods. As seen on the previous spread, the BBTB website has four submenus by the names: culprits; ideology; work; and ring. The culprits page starts with a fun and crazy video made from various shootings of moments the team spent together. I thought this would show to the user how we love what we do and how we have fun designing. It captures the joie de vivre we all have in our daily life and towards our work. At the end of the short movie, a message appears challenging the user to click on our mascots below if he wants to know more about the team members. Clicking on each mascot, it is possible to see a photograph of its related member, as well as a description of its role. On the other hand, on the ideology page the user can read about the philosophy thats behind our work methodology. As for the work page, since we were a newborn team of designers, it wouldnt make much sense to just display each team members previous individual work. As a team, our work had to represent us as a whole. With that said, we decided to go to some of Londons companies (design related or not) and ask them to nod their heads with us. As crazy as that may sound, the core meaning of that act was the fact that they would be saying yes to our team. Nodding their heads at the same pace as us shows how we didnt wanted to reach the industry it showed us as being already there. The professionals shown in that video are Phoebe Chang, History teacher at London School of Economics; Tom Probert, designer at Coley Porter Bell; Luca Da Silva, chairman of Albert Mildred; Nadia Kellas, freelance designer at Bostock and Pollitt; and the manager of London Graphic Center at Covent Garden. Finally, the ring page is the location where users or potential clients would be able to communicate with us, sharing their opinions and ideas regarding the team or its work. The music that was used on the background was of great importance for the group. We wanted a sound that wasnt annoying to listen to continuously, preferably without lyrics. It was then decided to contact different types of music bands or djs. The hip feeling of electro music with odd added sounds would reflect us and that was what we needed. The contemporary aspect of that music style also matched our personalities. With that in mind, we got in touch with a fascinating Belgian dj by the artistic name of MagikBitum, who mixed a song exclusively for our team. Personally, the choice of music was well made, since my musical influences have strong electronic roots. But in my opinion, it should have had a more indie touch to it. Because we wanted to be known as alternative agency, meaning that we would be more than ordinary, more than mainstream. Music is an outstanding inspiration, for me as graphic designer, and I search for challenging sounds and lyrics, which stimulate my creativity. Some of the strongest musical influences on the work I developed through this design path are the Icelandic singer-songwriter, composer and music producer, Bjà ¶rk, and the Irish/English electronic duo, Moloko. Their visuals and sounds are sometimes strange, yet amazingly refreshing. The stationery for our team brand was not a requested item, but I proposed it to the team and it was accepted. Being this project about branding, I felt it was a aspect that needed to be explored. I started making some sketches and thinking of the kind of items that could be done, and designed the business cards and letterhead for the team, as well as a notebook and folder to store all the items (see below and following pages). For the business card, I idealized a pop-up system to be inbuilt in it. The card would have a closed version for an easy storage, and when pulled, the lid would reveal on the opposite side the Bring Back the Bacon mascot. A number of stickers and t-shirts were created by Rashi, showing the BBTB logo and mascot. They were part of the additional gimmicks of the project. After three weeks which passed faster than we had foreseen, the presentation day arrived. Our main focus on planning the presentation was to introduce our project development without leaving the core idea to the side. As a continuation of the head banging concept present on the website, we entered the presentation area with our Bring Back the Bacon masks on our faces and repeating with our heads the movement seen on the website. We also carried our BBTB mascot plushy with us to the stage. Even though our concept was strong and our ideas well thought, due to existing problems in the time management within this brief, the presentation wasnt prepared as carefully as it should had been. Therefore, we all knew how to explain and present our project outcomes, but because none of the team members was a native speaker, and with the additional insecurity it caused, communication mistakes were made. Also the language used was not at all the most correct one. Those factors had a depreciative effect in the jurys evaluation on the display of our work. This first presentation was a valuable lesson for me, relating to the time planning and management with a strict deadline and a project to be developed within a short period of time, one has to be strategic in order to bring it into reality. One must know his limitations and based on that should try to break them. If our team didnt had any Native speaker member, each one of us needed more time to prepare ourselves for the presentation. That was a grand weakness that was revealed on the presentation, and made us lose the brief. But to work in a team is to expect some experiences like the ones we had during this first project. When a team has elements which are incapable of sticking with the time plan, is always hard to have good results within schedule. Ive learned to impose myself and speak up when I feel that something isnt right, and is a great feature Im taking to the future. 2nd brief The second brief that was given to us was print based. Each design team was to create an illustrated book or magazine by the name Nursery Crimes. It would consist in a re-invention of traditional nursery rhymes, changing their thematic and message to face a matured audience. The project would have to have a strong concept, with a distinct theme running through it, exploring theoretical and communication perspectives which supported a print based storybook. The publication would be composed of twelve rhymes and illustrations, each two by each member of the group. Before approaching this brief my contact with nursery rhymes was quite limited, not being a native speaker. The research, at this level, was primarily a necessity. The term nursery rhyme is used for traditional children songs in English speaking countries. The early versions of those rhymes were only lullabies (in Portuguese, canà §Ãƒ µes de embalar), sung to children to help them sleep. According to the Childrens Literature: a Readers History, from Aesop to Harry Potter by Seth Lerer, nursery rhymes were often associated with criminality and historical events (the rhyme Remember, Remember is an example of an historical event portrayed on a rhyme). Throughout my initial research I came across several Childrens Literature illustrated books which I promptly analyzed. An interesting aspect that was common in every book analyzed was the use of bright and colorful images. The illustrations had a heartwarming feeling intrinsic to them, representing elements of the text very accurately. The text followed the clarity and simplicity adequate to its readers, consisting in regular font types, easily read. Other factor of relevant is the attention to detail in the pictures, adding the possibility to explore the images countless times. After this brief encounter with the Nursery Rhyme context, and having fully understood the purpose of the project, I started deconstructing the title Nursery Crimes. The mind map on the following page shows the analysis on the word Nursery, the word Rhymes and the word Crimes. I searched for words related to Nursery, trying to find some link between them and the thematic of crime. Then, I analyzed the types of rhymes that could be found in literature. Since the rhymes chosen would have to be re-written by myself, I considered this research very useful to that process. Finally, following a visit to the local Epsom Police Station, I added to the mind map every crime name that was given by the police officers. This list of crimes would be of much help on choosing the crimes with which I would associate my rhymes. Of course, the immediate link between Nursery and Crimes would have to be the crime of child abuse or pedophilia, for being directly related to children, but the other crimes on the list werent discarded, as they might be useful to the creative process. In the first team meeting working around this second brief, the time plan of the work was established (see on the right). The first week would be to choose and alter the nursery rhymes into the crime theme, and with that done, the second week would be spent constructing our illustrations. With both the rhymes and illustrations finished on the third week our efforts would be directed to the making of the Nursery Crimes book, with time for the printing and binding also included. With the purpo

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essay --

1.0 INTRODUCTION This report will attempt to critically analyse and assess the internal and external factors which effected the strategic decisions made by eBay. These strategic decisions consisted of the acquisitions with Skype and PayPal coupled together with an analysis on why eBay failed may have failed in expanding their online presence in eastern parts on the globe such as China. 2.0 BACKGROUND EBay is an American internet based co-operation with its main headquarters in California. It was first set up in 1995 and has become one of the world’s most successful companies ever with ebay.com being the company’s main area of focus. Ebay.com is an online auction and shopping website where people and business have the opportunity to sell and buy goods and services worldwide. 3.0 THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT E-marketing is a fast growing and rapid platform for any form of business. EBay has been highly successful over recent years and this is a perfect example of an online business. The internal and external environments are constantly changing and in order to keep up with these changes, businesses and organisations must make relevant changes, and generate new strategies to keep up with contemporary developments in e-marketing and to also maintain their position in their market in comparison to their competitors. The strategic decision to form an acquisition with Skype in 2005 was made and the deal was said to be worth $2.6 billion. It is argued by eBay that with Skype it is able to create an â€Å"un-paralleled e-commerce engine†. This acquisition was a follow up of purchasing PayPal in 2002. Acquiring these prominent companies has allowed eBay to forge greater links on order to dominate specific regions of the world. Thes... ...ount of untrustworthy and reliable sellers. EBay could counteract this problem by implementing a strategy where eBay would have the authority to terminate a user’s account if their rating in percentage dropped below 60%. This strategy may help the organisation to reduce the amount of unreliable seller resulting in a much more safer and reliable market platform where people would be able to purchase products at ease without any hassle. 6.0 CONCLUSION In light of the analysis made above; an attempt has been made construct a critical analysis of the internal and external environment which influenced eBay’s strategic decision to form acquisitions with Skype and PayPal along with its performance in eastern countries. These factors were supported through various forms of research and background reading in order to support the validity of the points raised in this report.